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Shloka 23

Śara-śayyā-sthita-bhīṣma-saṃvāda-prastāvaḥ

The Prelude to Questioning Bhīṣma on the Bed of Arrows

जनार्दन! शिष्ट पुरुषोंने जिस धर्मका उपदेश किया है, वह भी मेरे हृदयमें स्फुरित हो रहा है। देश, जाति और कुलके धर्मोंका भी इस समय मुझे पूर्ण ज्ञान है ।।

bhīṣma uvāca |

janārdana! śiṣṭa-puruṣaiḥ yo dharma upadiṣṭaḥ sa me hṛdi sphurati | deśa-jāti-kula-dharmāṇām api etasmin kāle me pūrṇaṃ jñānam asti ||

caturṣv āśrama-dharmeṣu yo 'rthaḥ sa ca hṛdi sthitaḥ | rāja-dharmān sakalān avagacchāmi keśava |

yuvaiva asmi samāvṛttas tvad-anudhyāna-bṛṃhitaḥ | dātuṃ śreyaḥ samartho 'smi tvat-prasādāj janārdana ||

Bhīṣma dijo: «Oh Janārdana, el dharma enseñado por los hombres refinados y disciplinados palpita ahora vívidamente en mi corazón. En este momento poseo también pleno conocimiento de los deberes moldeados por la región, la comunidad y el linaje. El verdadero sentido de los deberes de las cuatro etapas de la vida está establecido en mi corazón. Oh Keśava, comprendo el conjunto entero del deber real (rājadharma). Es como si hubiera vuelto a la juventud, fortalecido por la meditación en ti; por tu gracia, oh Janārdana, soy capaz de impartir lo que es verdaderamente beneficioso.»

चतुर्षुin the four
चतुर्षु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
Formall, Locative, Plural
आश्रमधर्मेषुin the duties of the (four) āśramas
आश्रमधर्मेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रमधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
यःwhich/that (who)
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अर्थःmeaning/purport
अर्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःthat
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हृदिin (my) heart
हृदि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहृद्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
स्थितःstanding/abiding
स्थितः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
राजधर्मान्duties of kings (royal duties)
राजधर्मान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सकलान्all
सकलान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसकल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अवगच्छामिI understand/know
अवगच्छामि:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-गम्
FormPresent (Lat), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
केशवO Keśava
केशव:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootकेशव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
युवेवas a young man indeed
युवेव:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुवा + एव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्मिI am
अस्मि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent (Lat), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
समावृत्तःreturned (after completion of study)
समावृत्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-वृत्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वत्of/from you
त्वत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Formall, Ablative/Genitive (stem form used in compounds), Singular
अनुध्यानmeditation (upon you)
अनुध्यान:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअनुध्यान
FormNeuter, Instrumental (in compound sense), Singular
बृंहितःstrengthened/increased
बृंहितः:
TypeVerb
Rootबृंह्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
दातुम्to give
दातुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
श्रेयःwhat is best/welfare
श्रेयः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
समर्थःcapable
समर्थः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसमर्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्मिI am
अस्मि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent (Lat), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
त्वत्of/from you
त्वत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Formall, Ablative/Genitive (stem form used in compounds), Singular
प्रसादात्from (your) grace/favor
प्रसादात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रसाद
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
जनार्दनO Janārdana
जनार्दन:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootजनार्दन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
J
Janardana (Krishna)
K
Keshava (Krishna)
F
Four Ashramas (catur-āśrama)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma affirms that true dharma is grasped through the guidance of exemplary elders and becomes inwardly realized; he claims clarity about duties across the four āśramas and especially about rāja-dharma, and credits Krishna’s grace and contemplation for his renewed capacity to teach what is truly beneficial.

In the Shanti Parva setting, Bhishma—lying on the bed of arrows and instructing Yudhishthira’s side—addresses Krishna, stating that the principles of dharma and governance have become fully clear to him and that, empowered by meditation on Krishna, he is ready to deliver authoritative instruction.