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Shloka 12

Prāyaścitta-vidhāna: Tapas, Dāna, Vrata, and Proportional Expiation (प्रायश्चित्तविधानम्)

द्विविधौ चाप्युभावेतौ धर्माधर्मा विजानताम्‌ | अप्रवृत्ति: प्रवृत्तिश्न द्वैविध्य॑ लोकवेदयो:,“इस प्रकार विज्ञ पुरुषोंकी दृष्टिमें धर्म और अधर्म दोनों ही देश-कालके भेदसे दो-दो प्रकारके हैं। धर्माधर्ममें जो अप्रवृत्ति और प्रवृत्ति होती हैं, ये भी लोक और वेदके भेदसे दो प्रकारकी हैं (अर्थात्‌ लौकिकी अप्रवृत्ति और लौकिकी प्रवृत्ति, वैदिकी अप्रवृत्ति और वैदिकी प्रवृत्ति)

dvividhau cāpy ubhāv etau dharmādharmau vijānatām | apravṛttiḥ pravṛttiś ca dvaividhyaṃ lokavedayoḥ ||

Vyāsa dijo: «Para quienes comprenden de verdad, tanto el dharma como el adharma son cada uno de dos clases, pues varían con el lugar y el tiempo. Asimismo, la no participación (abstención) y la participación (emprender la acción) son también dobles, distinguidas como mundanas y védicas: hay abstención mundana y acción mundana, y abstención védica y acción védica».

द्विविधौof two kinds (both)
द्विविधौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्विविध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
उभौboth
उभौ:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
एतौthese two
एतौ:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
धर्माधर्मौdharma and adharma
धर्माधर्मौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म + अधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
विजानताम्of those who know / of the discerning
विजानताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootवि + ज्ञा
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada, Present active participle used substantively (genitive plural)
अप्रवृत्तिःnon-engagement / abstention
अप्रवृत्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअ + प्रवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रवृत्तिःengagement / activity
प्रवृत्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
द्वैविध्यम्twofoldness / dual classification
द्वैविध्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्वैविध्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
लोकवेदयोःof the world (common usage) and the Veda
लोकवेदयोः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक + वेद
FormMasculine, Genitive, Dual

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
V
Veda
L
Loka (worldly sphere)

Educational Q&A

Dharma and adharma cannot be judged in a single, rigid way; they are understood as twofold when viewed through differences of place and time, and also through the distinction between worldly norms (loka) and Vedic/scriptural injunctions (veda). Similarly, both abstention (apravṛtti) and engagement (pravṛtti) have worldly and Vedic forms.

Vyāsa is instructing the listener in the Śānti Parva’s ethical discourse, refining how moral categories should be interpreted: action and restraint, and even dharma versus adharma, must be evaluated with attention to context and to the differing authorities of social practice and Vedic teaching.