Shloka 31

कालनिर्देशः शोकनिवारणं च

Instruction on Kāla and the Removal of Grief

Devanagari script

तत्त्वं ज्ञात्वा तु सोमस्य विक्रय: स्याददोषवान्‌ | असमर्थस्य भृत्यस्य विसर्ग: स्याददोषवान्‌ | वनदाहो गवामर्थे क्रियमाणो न दूषक:

Transliteration

tattvaṃ jñātvā tu somasya vikrayaḥ syād adoṣavān | asamarthasya bhṛtyasya visargaḥ syād adoṣavān | vanadāho gavām arthe kriyamāṇo na dūṣakaḥ |

Translation

Dijo Vyāsa: “Cuando se comprende el verdadero principio, incluso la venta del Soma puede estar libre de culpa. Asimismo, despedir a un sirviente incapaz puede estar libre de culpa. Y un incendio forestal provocado por el bien del ganado—cuando se hace con ese fin—no es censurable.”

Word by Word

• तत्त्वम्: the truth/reality
• तत्त्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तत्त्व
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• ज्ञात्वा: having known
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)

• तु: but/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• सोमस्य: of Soma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• विक्रयः: sale/selling
• विक्रयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विक्रय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• स्यात्: would be/may be
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• अदोषवान्: blameless
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अदोषवत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• असमर्थस्य: of an incapable (person)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: असमर्थ
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• भृत्यस्य: of a servant/dependent
• Type: Noun
• Root: भृत्य
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• विसर्गः: dismissal/release
• विसर्गः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विसर्ग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• स्यात्: would be/may be
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• अदोषवान्: blameless
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अदोषवत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वनदाहः: forest-burning (setting a forest on fire)
• वनदाहः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वनदाह
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• गवाम्: of cows/cattle
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Plural

• अर्थे: for the sake/purpose
• अर्थे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• क्रियमाणः: being done/performed
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: शानच् (present passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• दूषकः: blameworthy/culpable (one that taints)
• दूषकः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दूषक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Soma
• servant (bhṛtya)
• cattle/cows (gāvaḥ)
• forest-fire (vanadāha)