Shloka 83

जहाँ किसी विशेष अर्थको अभीष्ट मानकर उसके दोषों और गुणोंकी विभागपूर्वक गणना की जाती है, उस अर्थको संख्या अथवा सांख्य समझना चाहिये ।। इदं पूर्वमिदं पश्चाद्‌ वक्तव्यं यद्‌ विवक्षितम्‌ । क्रमयोगं तमप्याहुर्वाक्यं वाक्यविदो जना:

yatra kasyacid artha-viśeṣasya doṣa-guṇa-vibhāga-pūrvakaṃ gaṇanaṃ kriyate, tam arthaṃ saṅkhyā athavā sāṅkhyaṃ veditavyam. idaṃ pūrvam idaṃ paścād vaktavyaṃ yad vivakṣitam | krama-yogaṃ tam apy āhur vākyaṃ vākya-vido janāḥ ||

Dijo Bhishma: Cuando un sentido particular, tenido por propósito, se examina separando primero sus faltas y sus méritos y luego contándolos o enumerándolos con orden, ese método debe entenderse como “Saṅkhyā” o “Sāṅkhya”. Asimismo, cuando se afirma: «esto ha de decirse primero y esto después», disponiendo en secuencia los puntos que se quieren expresar, los entendidos en el discurso llaman también a ello un orden disciplinado de la palabra: una progresión ordenada en la enseñanza.

इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पूर्वम्first/earlier
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पश्चात्after/later
पश्चात्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चात्
वक्तव्यम्to be said/should be stated
वक्तव्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवच्
FormGerundive (तव्यत्), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
यत्which/that
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
विवक्षितम्intended/desired to be expressed
विवक्षितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + वच्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
क्रमयोगम्connection/orderly sequence
क्रमयोगम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्रमयोग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तम्that (it)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
आहुःthey say/call
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect (लिट्), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
वाक्यम्a sentence/statement
वाक्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाक्यविदःknowers of sentences/experts in expression
वाक्यविदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्यविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma defines an analytic method: when a topic is clarified by separating merits and faults and enumerating them systematically, it is ‘Saṅkhyā/Sāṅkhya’. He also stresses krama (sequence): teaching should present points in a deliberate order—what comes first and what follows—so the intended meaning becomes clear.

In the Shanti Parva’s instructional setting, Bhishma is explaining to his listener(s) how philosophical and ethical instruction should be structured—by classification, enumeration, and orderly progression of statements—so that dharma and related teachings are communicated precisely.