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Mahabharata — Shanti Parva, Shloka 57

नारद–शुक संवादः

Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga

मूढ़बुद्धि मानव उस आत्माके सम्बन्धमें द्वैतभावसे युक्त धारणा रखते हुए कहते हैं --'सनातन अव्यक्त परमात्मा दूसरा है और पचीसवाँ तत्त्वरूप जीवात्मा दूसरा, परंतु साधु पुरुष उन दोनोंको एक मानते हैं ।।

yājñavalkya uvāca |

muḍhabuddhayaḥ mānavā ātmanaḥ sambandhe dvaitabhāvena yuktāṃ dhāraṇāṃ kṛtvā vadanti— “sanātanaḥ avyaktaḥ paramātmā anyaḥ, pañcaviṃśaḥ tattvarūpaḥ jīvātmā anyaḥ” iti; kintu sādhavaḥ puruṣāḥ tayor aikyaṃ manyante ||

te na etat abhinandanti pañcaviṃśakam acyutam |

janma-mṛtyu-bhayāt yogāḥ sāṅkhyāś ca paramaiṣiṇaḥ ||

janma-mṛtyu-bhayarahitāḥ paramapada-prāptim icchantaḥ sāṅkhyavidāḥ yoginaś ca jīvātma-paramātmanor bhedaṃ na manyante; jīveśvarābheda-vādinaṃ pūrvoktaṃ darśanaṃ vā sādhumatam api te’bhinandanti eva ||

Dijo Yājñavalkya: Las gentes de entendimiento torpe, aferradas a una noción dualista del Sí mismo, dicen: «El Supremo, eterno e inmanifestado, es una cosa; y el vigésimo quinto principio—el alma individual—es otra». Pero los sabios y los santos consideran que ambos son uno. Quienes buscan la meta suprema—conocedores del Sāṅkhya y yoguis—libres del temor al nacimiento y a la muerte, no aprueban tratar al «vigésimo quinto» (el alma individual) como separado del Imperecedero. No aceptan una división tajante entre jīva y lo Supremo; antes bien, afirman la enseñanza que proclama su no-diferencia, expuesta anteriormente como la visión de los buenos.

तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतत्this (doctrine/statement)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभिनन्दन्तिapprove / applaud
अभिनन्दन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-नन्द्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
पञ्चविंशकम्the twenty-fifth (principle/entity)
पञ्चविंशकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चविंशक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अच्युतम्Acyuta (the imperishable Lord)
अच्युतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअच्युत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जन्मfrom birth
जन्म:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
मृत्युfrom death
मृत्यु:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
भयात्from fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
योगाःyogins / practitioners of yoga
योगाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
साङ्ख्याःSāṅkhyas / knowers of Sāṅkhya
साङ्ख्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाङ्ख्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परमैषिणःseekers of the supreme (state)
परमैषिणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम-एषिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
P
Paramātman (Supreme Self)
J
Jīvātman (individual self)
S
Sāṅkhya-knowers (sāṅkhyāḥ)
Y
Yogins (yogāḥ)
A
Acyuta (the Imperishable)

Educational Q&A

The verse critiques a rigid dualism that separates the unmanifest Supreme Self from the individual self. It presents the ‘sādhu’ view: advanced Sāṅkhya-knowers and yogins, seeking the highest state and free from fear of birth and death, affirm non-difference (abheda) between jīva and the Imperishable.

In a didactic setting within Śānti Parva, the sage Yājñavalkya instructs by contrasting two viewpoints: the dull-minded who posit two separate realities (Paramātman vs. jīvātman), and the spiritually mature seekers who regard them as one, endorsing the earlier-stated doctrine of non-duality.