Shloka 19
ब्रह्मघोष-प्रवर्तनम्, अनध्याय-नियमः, वायु-मार्ग-वर्णनम्
Restoring Vedic Recitation, the Anadhyaya Rule, and the Taxonomy of Winds
साधारण मनुष्य इनके सहवास और निवासको कभी ठीक-ठीक समझ नहीं पाते। जो इन दोनोंके स्वरूपको अन्यथा जानते हैं अर्थात् प्रकृति और पुरुषको एक दूसरेसे भिन्न नहीं जानते हैं उनकी दृष्टि ठीक नहीं है। वे अवश्य ही बार-बार घोर नरकमें पड़ते हैं ।।
sādhāraṇā manuṣyā imeṣāṃ sahavāsa-nivāsau kadācit yathāvat na vijānanti | ye tu tayor ubhayor svarūpam anyathā jānanti—prakṛtiṃ puruṣaṃ ca parasparaṃ bhinnaṃ na jānanti—teṣāṃ dṛṣṭiḥ samyak na bhavati | te niyataṃ punaḥ punaḥ ghora-narakeṣu patanti || sāṅkhya-darśanam etat te pari-saṅkhyānam uttamam | evaṃ hi pari-saṅkhyāya sāṅkhyāḥ kevalatāṃ gatāḥ ||
Dijo Yājñavalkya: La gente común no puede discernir correctamente la verdadera naturaleza de la convivencia y morada de estos dos: Prakṛti y Puruṣa. Quienes los conciben de modo errado, sin conocer a Prakṛti y a Puruṣa como distintos entre sí, carecen de visión recta; inevitablemente caen, una y otra vez, en terribles infiernos. Esta es la enseñanza del Sāṅkhya que os he expuesto: el más alto cómputo analítico. Al discernir así, los conocedores del Sāṅkhya alcanzan kaivalya, la liberación completa.
याज़्वल्क्य उवाच
Educational Q&A
Right knowledge requires discriminating Prakṛti (nature/matter) from Puruṣa (conscious witness). Confusing them is a philosophical error that leads to repeated suffering, while correct analytical discernment (Sāṅkhya parisaṅkhyāna) culminates in kaivalya—liberation.
In Śānti Parva’s instructional setting, Yājñavalkya is expounding Sāṅkhya-style analysis to his listener(s), warning against mistaken metaphysical identification and presenting discriminative knowledge as the path to freedom.