Shloka 23

मशकोदुम्बरे यद्वदन्यत्वं तद्धदेतयो: । मत्स्योदके यथा तद्वदन्यत्वमुपलभ्यते,जैसे गूलर और उसके कीड़े एक साथ रहते हुए भी परस्पर भिन्न हैं, उसी प्रकार प्रकृति और पुरुषमें भी भिन्नता है। जैसे मछली और जल एक-दूसरेसे भिन्न हैं, उसी प्रकार प्रकृति और पुरुषमें भी भेद उपलब्ध होता है

maśakodumbare yadvad anyatvaṃ tad ubhayayoḥ | matsyodake yathā tadvad anyatvam upalabhyate ||

Vasiṣṭha dijo: «Así como el mosquito y la higuera udumbara, aunque se hallen juntos, siguen siendo distintos entre sí, y así como el pez y el agua son distintos, del mismo modo debe discernirse la diferencia entre Prakṛti (la naturaleza material) y Puruṣa (el sí mismo consciente). La cercanía o la coexistencia no borra sus realidades separadas.»

मशकःa gnat/mosquito
मशकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमशक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उदुम्बरेin the udumbara (cluster fig)
उदुम्बरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootउदुम्बर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
यद्वत्just as
यद्वत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद्वत्
अन्यत्वम्difference/otherness
अन्यत्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्यत्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दृश्यतेis seen/appears
दृश्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Kartari
एतयोःof these two
एतयोः:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormCommon, Genitive, Dual
मत्स्यःa fish
मत्स्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उदकेin water
उदके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootउदक
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
तद्वत्so/likewise
तद्वत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्वत्
अन्यत्वम्difference/otherness
अन्यत्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्यत्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उपलभ्यतेis obtained/recognized (is found)
उपलभ्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-लभ्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Kartari

वसिष्ठ उवाच

वसिष्ठ (Vasiṣṭha)
मशक (gnat)
उदुम्बर (udumbara fig)
मत्स्य (fish)
उदक (water)
प्रकृति (Prakṛti)
पुरुष (Puruṣa)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches viveka (discriminative insight): Prakṛti (nature, guṇas, body-mind) and Puruṣa (conscious self) may appear inseparable in experience, yet they are fundamentally distinct—like fish and water or an insect and the fig it inhabits.

In Śānti Parva’s instructional discourse, the sage Vasiṣṭha explains metaphysical principles to clarify how the self relates to nature. He uses everyday analogies to show that coexistence does not imply identity, guiding the listener toward detachment and liberation-oriented understanding.