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Shloka 15

Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)

षड्गुणं च मनो ज्ञात्वा नभ: पञ्चगुणं तथा । बुद्धि चतुर्गुणां ज्ञात्वा तमश्न त्रिगुणं तथा

ṣaḍguṇaṃ ca mano jñātvā nabhaḥ pañcaguṇaṃ tathā | buddhiṃ caturguṇāṃ jñātvā tamaś ca triguṇaṃ tathā ||

Dijo Bhīṣma: «Habiendo comprendido que la mente se caracteriza por seis cualidades, que el espacio (ākāśa) tiene cinco, que el intelecto tiene cuatro, y que la oscuridad/ignorancia (tamas) tiene tres, quien conoce esta estructura graduada de cualidades obtiene una visión discriminante de los constituyentes de la experiencia. Tal discernimiento sostiene el desapego de los objetos de los sentidos y afianza al buscador en el sendero que conduce más allá de la confusión hacia la liberación.»

षड्गुणम्sixfold (having six qualities)
षड्गुणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootषड्गुण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मनःmind
मनः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite
नभःsky/ether
नभः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनभस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पञ्चगुणम्fivefold (having five qualities)
पञ्चगुणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चगुण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
बुद्धिम्intellect
बुद्धिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
चतुर्गुणाम्fourfold (having four qualities)
चतुर्गुणाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्गुण
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite
तमःdarkness; tamas (quality)
तमः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्रिगुणम्threefold (having three qualities)
त्रिगुणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिगुण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches analytical discernment: by classifying mind, space, intellect, and tamas according to their respective sets of qualities, a seeker learns to distinguish the layers of experience and loosen attachment to sense-objects—an aid to liberation-oriented knowledge (jñāna) in Sāṅkhya-Yoga.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues his philosophical exposition to the king, presenting a compact schema of how different inner and elemental principles are understood through their ‘qualities,’ as part of a broader teaching on knowledge and release.