Shloka 18
Vidyā–Avidyā and the Twenty-Fifth Principle
Sāṃkhya–Yoga Clarification
तात! आदित्य, वसु, रुद्र, अग्नि, अश्विनीकुमार, वायु, विश्वेदेव, साध्य, पितर, मरुदगण, यक्ष, राक्षस, गन्धर्व, सिद्ध तथा अन्य जो स्वर्गवासी देवता हैं, वे सब-के-सब तपस्यासे ही सिद्धिको प्राप्त हुए हैं ।।
tāta! āditya-vasu-rudrāgnyaśvinīkumāra-vāyu-viśvedeva-sādhya-pitṛ-marudgaṇa-yakṣa-rākṣasa-gandharva-siddhā tathā anye ye svargavāsino devatāḥ, te sarve tapasyaiva siddhiṃ prāptāḥ. ye cādau brāhmaṇāḥ sṛṣṭā brahmaṇā tapasā purā, te bhāvayantaḥ pṛthivīṃ vicaranti divaṃ tathā.
Parāśara dijo: «¡Hijo mío! Los Ādityas, los Vasus, los Rudras, Agni, los gemelos Aśvin, Vāyu, los Viśvedevas, los Sādhyas, los Pitṛs, las huestes de los Maruts, los Yakṣas, los Rākṣasas, los Gandharvas, los Siddhas y todas las demás deidades que moran en el cielo—cada uno de ellos alcanzó su poder y plenitud únicamente por la austeridad (tapas). Y los brahmanes creados al principio por Brahmā mediante el tapas antiguo—esos sabios primordiales—recorren el mundo, santificando la tierra y los cielos por la fuerza misma de su disciplina ascética.»
पराशर उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse teaches that true power, status, and spiritual accomplishment—whether of gods or perfected beings—arise from tapas (disciplined austerity). Tapas is presented as a universal means of attainment and as a force that purifies and sustains the cosmos.
Parāśara addresses a listener as “dear child” and lists many celestial classes, asserting that all achieved their heavenly success through austerity. He then points to the primordial Brahmin-sages created by Brahmā, who roam and sanctify earth and heaven through the potency of their tapas.