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Shloka 43

पापात्म-धर्मात्म-लक्षणम् तथा निर्वेदेन मोक्षमार्गः | Marks of the Sinful and the Righteous; Dispassion (Nirveda) as a Path to Liberation

“इस प्रकार विचार करनेसे एक तो वह नारी होनेके कारण ही अवध्य है, दूसरे मेरी पूजनीया माता है। माताका गौरव पितासे भी बढ़कर है, जिसमें मेरी माँ प्रतिष्ठित है। नासमझ पशु भी स्त्री और माताको अवध्य मानते हैं (फिर मैं समझदार मनुष्य होकर भी उसका वध कैसे करूँ?) ।। देवतानां समावायमेकस्थं पितरं विदु: । मर्त्यानां देवतानां च स्नेहादभ्येति मातरम्‌,“मनीषी पुरुष यह जानते हैं कि पिता एक स्थानपर स्थित सम्पूर्ण देवताओंका समूह है; परंतु माताके भीतर उसके स्नेहवश समस्त मनुष्यों और देवताओंका समुदाय स्थित रहता है (अत: माताका गौरव पितासे भी अधिक है)

devatānāṁ samavāyam ekasthaṁ pitaraṁ viduḥ | martyānāṁ devatānāṁ ca snehād abhyeti mātaram ||

Bhishma explica: «Al reflexionar así, en primer lugar, por el solo hecho de ser mujer, ella debe ser tenida por inviolable y no digna de muerte; y, además, es mi venerable madre. La dignidad de la madre es aún mayor que la del padre, pues en ella se asienta el fundamento mismo de la vida y de la reverencia del hijo. Hasta los animales sin entendimiento consideran instintivamente inviolables a las mujeres y a las madres—¿cómo, entonces, podría yo, siendo un hombre discerniente, alzar violencia contra ella? Los sabios saben que el padre es un único lugar que encarna el conjunto de los dioses; pero la madre, por su afecto, reúne en sí a toda la comunidad de mortales y de dioses—por eso su grandeza supera incluso a la del padre».

देवतानाम्of the deities
देवतानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootदेवता
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
समावायम्collection/aggregate
समावायम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसमावाय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एकस्थम्situated in one place
एकस्थम्:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootएकस्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पितरम्father
पितरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विदुःknow
विदुः:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
मर्त्यानाम्of mortals
मर्त्यानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
देवतानाम्of the deities
देवतानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootदेवता
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्नेहात्from/through affection
स्नेहात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्नेह
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अभ्येतिapproaches/comes to (i.e., is found in/attains)
अभ्येति:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-इ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
मातरम्mother
मातरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
mātṛ (mother)
P
pitṛ (father)
D
devatāḥ (gods)
M
martyāḥ (mortals)

Educational Q&A

The verse elevates the ethical inviolability of the mother (and, by extension, women) and argues that maternal status commands the highest restraint: the father is revered as a concentrated embodiment of divine authority, yet the mother—through her nurturing affection—symbolically contains and sustains the entire world of beings; therefore harming her is a grave violation of dharma.

Bhishma is articulating a moral justification for refusing violence against a woman who is also his mother. He reasons from dharma and natural instinct (even animals refrain) to establish that matricide or harm to the mother is unthinkable, and he supports this with a maxim contrasting the father’s divine representative role with the mother’s all-encompassing, life-sustaining status.