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Shloka 24

राजधर्मः—राष्ट्ररक्षणं, दण्डनीतिः, हयग्रीवोपाख्यानम्

Royal Duty: Protection, Penal Policy, and the Hayagrīva Exemplum

इस प्रकार श्रीमह्ाभारत शान्तिपर्वके अन्तर्गत राजधर्मानुशासनपर्वमें व्यासवाक्यविषयक चौबीसवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ,सुखमेव हि दुःखान्तं कदाचिद्‌ दुःखत: सुखम्‌ | तस्मादेतद्‌ द्ववं जह्माद्‌ य इच्छेच्छाश्वतं सुखम्‌

sukham eva hi duḥkhāntaṃ kadācid duḥkhataḥ sukham | tasmād etad dvandvaṃ jahyād ya icchec chāśvataṃ sukham ||

Así, en el «Mahābhārata», dentro del «Śānti Parva», en la sección de instrucción sobre el deber de los reyes («Rājadharmānuśāsana Parva»), concluye el capítulo vigésimo cuarto relativo a las palabras de Vyāsa. La dicha, en verdad, a veces termina en aflicción, y a veces la dicha nace de la aflicción. Por ello, quien anhela un bienestar perdurable debe abandonar este par de contrarios (placer y dolor) y permanecer firme ante ambos.

सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हिfor/indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
दुःखान्तम्ending in sorrow; sorrowful end
दुःखान्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःखान्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कदाचित्sometimes
कदाचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचित्
दुःखतःfrom sorrow
दुःखतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात्
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
द्वन्द्वम्pair of opposites; duality
द्वन्द्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्वन्द्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
जह्यात्should abandon
जह्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootहा (जहाति)
FormVidhi-ling (Optative), Present-system, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इच्छेत्would desire/should wish
इच्छेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootइष् (इच्छति)
FormVidhi-ling (Optative), Present-system, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शाश्वतम्eternal/perpetual
शाश्वतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशाश्वत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana

Educational Q&A

Pleasure and pain are unstable and can transform into each other; therefore, the seeker of lasting good should relinquish attachment to these dualities and cultivate steadiness (equanimity).

Vaiśampāyana concludes a section within the Śānti Parva’s Rājadharmānuśāsana material, summarizing the ethical point that a ruler or aspirant should not be swayed by alternating happiness and sorrow.