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Shloka 10

राजधर्मः—राष्ट्ररक्षणं, दण्डनीतिः, हयग्रीवोपाख्यानम्

Royal Duty: Protection, Penal Policy, and the Hayagrīva Exemplum

नाकालमत्ता: खगपन्नगाश्न मृगद्विपा: शैलमृगाश्न लोके । नाकालत: स्त्रीषु भवन्ति गर्भा नायान्त्यकाले शिशिरोष्णवर्षा:,लोकमें पक्षी, सर्प, जंगली मृग, हाथी और पहाड़ी मृग भी समय आये बिना मतवाले नहीं होते हैं। असमयमें स्त्रियोंके गर्भ नहीं रहते और बिना समयके सर्दी, गर्मी तथा वर्षा भी नहीं होती है

nākālamattāḥ khaga-pannagāś ca mṛga-dvipāḥ śaila-mṛgāś ca loke | nākālataḥ strīṣu bhavanti garbhā na yānty akāle śiśiroṣṇa-varṣāḥ ||

Dijo Vyāsa: En este mundo, las aves y las serpientes, las fieras y los elefantes, e incluso los ciervos de las montañas, no se enfurecen sino en su estación propia. Las mujeres no conciben fuera de estación, y el invierno, el verano y las lluvias no llegan antes del tiempo señalado. Así, el orden del tiempo gobierna a todos los seres: hay que obrar con paciencia y discernimiento, no con prisa ni con desorden.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अकालमत्ताःintoxicated/maddened at an improper time
अकालमत्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअकालमत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
खगपन्नगाश्नाःbird- and serpent-eaters (beasts that eat birds and snakes)
खगपन्नगाश्नाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootखगपन्नगाश्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मृगद्विपाःdeer- and elephant-(like) beasts / beasts among deer and elephants
मृगद्विपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृगद्विप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शैलमृगाश्नाःmountain-deer-eaters
शैलमृगाश्नाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशैलमृगाश्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अकालतःout of season; at an improper time
अकालतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअकालतस्
स्त्रीषुin women
स्त्रीषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
भवन्तिoccur; come to be
भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
गर्भाःpregnancies; embryos
गर्भाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगर्भ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आयान्तिcome; arrive
आयान्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
अकालेat an improper time; out of season
अकाले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
शिशिरोष्णवर्षाःwinter, heat (summer), and rains
शिशिरोष्णवर्षाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिशिरोष्णवर्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
B
birds (khaga)
S
serpents (pannaga)
W
wild animals/deer (mṛga, śaila-mṛga)
E
elephants (dvipa)
W
women (strī)
S
seasons: winter (śiśira), summer (uṣṇa), rains (varṣā)

Educational Q&A

That kāla (time/season) governs the world through a fixed order: even powerful creatures and natural forces follow their proper season. Therefore human action should respect timing, restraint, and the rhythms of dharma rather than impulsive haste.

Vyāsa is instructing by analogy: he points to animals’ seasonal frenzy, women’s conception, and the regular arrival of winter, summer, and rains to show that nothing meaningful occurs out of its proper time—implying that wise counsel and conduct must align with appropriate circumstances.