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Shloka 4

अर्जुनस्य युधिष्ठिरं प्रति क्षात्रधर्मोपदेशः | Arjuna’s Counsel to Yudhiṣṭhira on Kṣatra-Dharma

ब्राह्मणानां तपस्त्याग: प्रेत्य धर्मविधि: स्मृत: । क्षत्रियाणां च निधन संग्रामे विहितं प्रभो

vaiśampāyana uvāca | brāhmaṇānāṃ tapas-tyāgaḥ pretya dharma-vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ | kṣatriyāṇāṃ ca nidhanaṃ saṃgrāme vihitaṃ prabho ||

Dijo Vaiśampāyana: Para los brahmanes, la austeridad y la renuncia se recuerdan como la norma ordenada del dharma, que da su fruto legítimo tras la muerte, en el mundo venidero. Para los kṣatriyas, oh señor, también está prescrito alcanzar la muerte en batalla, y se tiene por fuente del mérito que madura más allá de esta vida.

ब्राह्मणानाम्of Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
तपःausterity
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
त्यागःrenunciation
त्यागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्याग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रेत्यhaving died; after death
प्रेत्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र-इ (धातु: इ)
FormGerund (त्वान्त/ल्यप्), true
धर्मविधिःrule/ordinance of dharma
धर्मविधिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मविधि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्मृतःis considered/remembered (as)
स्मृतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ (धातु)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (participial)
क्षत्रियाणाम्of Kshatriyas
क्षत्रियाणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formtrue
निधनम्death
निधनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिधन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
संग्रामेin battle
संग्रामे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्राम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विहितम्is prescribed/ordained
विहितम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि-धा (धातु: धा)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular, Passive (participial)
प्रभोO lord
प्रभो:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
B
Brāhmaṇas
K
Kṣatriyas

Educational Q&A

The verse states a varṇa-specific ethical framework: Brahmins are enjoined toward tapas (austerity) and tyāga (renunciation), whose fruits mature in the afterlife; Kṣatriyas are enjoined toward courageous engagement in battle, where death in righteous combat is treated as a meritorious culmination of their duty.

In the didactic setting of Śānti Parva, Vaiśampāyana reports a teaching that contrasts prescribed duties for social orders, emphasizing how each path—ascetic discipline for Brahmins and battlefield valor for Kṣatriyas—is framed as a legitimate means to attain posthumous merit when aligned with dharma.