Shloka 17
Śakra–Namuci-saṃvāda: Śoka-nivāraṇa and Daiva-vicāra
Indra and Namuci on grief, composure, and inevitability
त्याग एव हि सर्वेषां युक्तानामपि कर्मणाम् | नित्यं मिथ्याविनीतानां क्लेशो दुः:खवहो मतः
tyāga eva hi sarveṣāṁ yuktānām api karmaṇām | nityaṁ mithyā-vinītānāṁ kleśo duḥkhavaho mataḥ ||
Dijo Bhishma: La renuncia, y sólo ella, es la verdadera consumación de todas las acciones, incluso para quienes son disciplinados y se aplican a la práctica correcta. Pero en aquellos que, sin abandonar el ego, el «mío», el apego y el deseo, se proclaman continuamente humildes y dueños de sí, surgen las aflicciones —como la ignorancia—, tenidas por portadoras de sufrimiento.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
That genuine spiritual progress requires tyāga—giving up egoistic ownership, attachment, and desire within action; merely performing disciplines while retaining inner clinging is hypocrisy and results in kleśa (afflictions) that produce suffering.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma is teaching Yudhishthira about dharma and liberation-oriented conduct, emphasizing inner renunciation as essential even when one continues to act.