Shloka 6
Vyaktāvyakta-Viveka and Nivṛtti as Paramā Gati
Manifest–Unmanifest Discrimination and the Supreme Path of Withdrawal
कथं च सर्वभूतेषु समेषु द्विजसत्तम | सम्यग्वृत्ता निवर्तन्ते विपरीता: क्षयोदया:
kathaṁ ca sarvabhūteṣu sameṣu dvijasattama | samyagvṛttā nivartante viparītāḥ kṣayodayāḥ ||
Dijo Bhīṣma: «Oh el mejor de los dos veces nacidos, si los grandes elementos—comenzando por la tierra—son los mismos en todas partes, y si los cuerpos de todos los seres están formados de esos mismos elementos, ¿por qué surgen entre las criaturas las condiciones contrarias de declive y aumento? ¿Según qué orden correcto nacen tales opuestos y luego se extinguen?»
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames a philosophical problem: if the material constituents (the great elements) are uniform everywhere, what accounts for unequal outcomes in embodied life—growth and decline? It points toward deeper causal principles beyond mere material sameness, such as differing combinations, conditions, time, and governing laws (dharma/niyati/karma) that regulate manifestation.
In the Śānti Parva’s instructional dialogue, Bhīṣma raises a probing question to a learned brāhmaṇa interlocutor. He challenges a simplistic material explanation of life by asking why opposite states—increase and decrease—appear among beings whose bodies are made from the same universal elements.