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Shloka 37

Vyaktāvyakta-Viveka and Nivṛtti as Paramā Gati

Manifest–Unmanifest Discrimination and the Supreme Path of Withdrawal

इस प्रकार ये सम्पूर्ण पदार्थ समस्त चराचर जगत्‌का भार वहन करते हैं। ये सब जो प्रकृतिसे अतीत रजोगुणरहित हैं, उस परमदेव परमात्माके आश्रित हैं ।।

nava-dvāraṁ puraṁ puṇyam etair bhāvaiḥ samanvitam | vyāpya śete mahānātmā tasmāt puruṣa ucyate ||

Bhīṣma explica: Así, todos estos principios sostienen el peso del mundo entero —lo móvil y lo inmóvil—. Todos se apoyan en el Paramadeva, el Paramātman, que trasciende a Prakṛti y está libre de rajas. Y esta sagrada ‘ciudad’ del cuerpo, provista de nueve puertas y compuesta de tales principios, es penetrada desde dentro por el gran Sí mismo, que ‘reposa’ en ella y la impregna sin confundirse con sus constituyentes materiales. Por eso se le llama Puruṣa —«el que habita en la ciudad (pura)»—, el regente interior del que, en última instancia, dependen los seres móviles e inmóviles.

नवnine
नव:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनव
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
द्वारम्gate; opening
द्वारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्वार
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पुरम्city; (here) body
पुरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पुण्यम्pure; holy; meritorious
पुण्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एतैःby/with these
एतैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
भावैःstates; entities; principles
भावैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभाव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
समन्वितम्endowed with; furnished with
समन्वितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-अन्वि-त (समन्वित)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
व्याप्यhaving pervaded; pervading
व्याप्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि-आप्
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्)
शेतेlies; rests; abides
शेते:
TypeVerb
Rootशी (शे)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
महानात्माthe great-souled one; the great Self
महानात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहान् + आत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore; from that
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
FormAblatival adverb (from that/therefore)
पुरुषःPuruṣa; person; indwelling Self
पुरुषः:
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis called; is said
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Passive

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
P
Puruṣa (the indwelling Self)
P
Paramātmā (Supreme Self)
P
pura (the body as the ‘city’)
N
nava-dvāra (nine gates of the body)
P
prakṛti (Nature)

Educational Q&A

The body is described as a nine-gated ‘city’ made of material constituents, but the true ‘Person’ (Puruṣa) is the great Self that pervades and indwells it while remaining higher than prakṛti and its guṇas. Recognizing the Self as distinct from the body-mind complex is presented as a basis for spiritual discernment and liberation.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on peace and higher knowledge, Bhīṣma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira about the constitution of the embodied being. He uses the metaphor of the body as a city with nine gates and identifies the indwelling, all-pervading Self as ‘Puruṣa,’ grounding ethical steadiness in metaphysical understanding.