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Shloka 125

Adhyāya 199: Karma–Jñāna Causality and the Nirguṇa Brahman

Manu’s Instruction

चतुर्भिलक्षणैहीनं तथा षड्भि: सषोडशै: । पुरुषं तमतिक्रम्प आकाशं प्रतिपद्यते

caturbhir lakṣaṇair hīnaṁ tathā ṣaḍbhiḥ saṣoḍaśaiḥ | puruṣaṁ tam atikramya ākāśaṁ pratipadyate ||

Virūpa dijo: Trascendiendo a ese Puruṣa, se alcanza la Realidad comparada con el espacio. Allí no llegan las cuatro marcas y medios de conocimiento—percepción directa, inferencia, comparación y testimonio verbal (śabda)—; ni surgen las seis olas: hambre, sed, pena, engaño, vejez y muerte. También está más allá de los dieciséis instrumentos de la experiencia encarnada: los cinco sentidos de conocimiento, los cinco órganos de acción, los cinco prāṇa y la mente.

चतुर्भिःwith four
चतुर्भिः:
करण
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
Formनपुंसक, तृतीया, बहुवचन
लक्षणैःmarks/characteristics (means of definition)
लक्षणैः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootलक्षण
Formनपुंसक, तृतीया, बहुवचन
हीनम्devoid of
हीनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहीन
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
तथाand likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
षड्भिःwith six
षड्भिः:
करण
TypeAdjective
Rootषट्
Formनपुंसक, तृतीया, बहुवचन
सषोडशैःtogether with the sixteen (instruments)
सषोडशैः:
करण
TypeAdjective
Rootस-षोडश
Formनपुंसक, तृतीया, बहुवचन
पुरुषम्the Person (Purusha)
पुरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
तम्that (him)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
अतिक्रम्यhaving transcended/passed beyond
अतिक्रम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-क्रम्
Formल्यप् (क्त्वान्त अव्यय), कर्तरि
आकाशम्the ether/space
आकाशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआकाश
Formनपुंसक, द्वितीया, एकवचन
प्रतिपद्यतेattains/approaches
प्रतिपद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-पद्
Formलट्, आत्मनेपद, प्रथम, एकवचन, कर्तरि

विरूप उवाच

V
Virūpa
P
Puruṣa
Ā
Ākāśa

Educational Q&A

Liberation is described as transcending the conditioned Puruṣa and realizing an unconditioned reality compared to space (ākāśa), where ordinary means of knowledge and the entire psycho-physical apparatus (senses, prāṇas, mind) do not operate, and where existential afflictions like hunger, grief, aging, and death do not arise.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction-oriented setting, Virūpa speaks a doctrinal verse outlining a hierarchy of realization: one goes beyond the Puruṣa and attains the ‘space-like’ ultimate, characterized negatively as beyond pramāṇas/definitions, beyond the six ‘waves’ of suffering, and beyond the sixteen instruments of embodied experience.