Shloka 28

अभार्या शयने बिश्रच्छूद्रं वृद्धं च वै द्विज: । अब्राह्माणं मन्‍्यमानस्तृणेष्वासीत पृष्ठत: । तथा संशुध्यते राजन्‌ शृणु चात्र वचो मम,यदि ब्राह्मण अपनी पत्नीके सिवा दूसरी स्त्रीको शय्यापर बिठा ले अथवा बड़े-बूढ़े शूद्रको या ब्राह्मणेतर--क्षत्रिय या वैश्यको सम्मान देता हुआ ऊँचे आसनपर बैठाकर स्वयं चटाईपर बैठे तो वह ब्राह्मणत्वसे गिर जाता है। राजन! उसकी शुद्धि जिस प्रकार होती है, वह मुझसे सुनो

bhīṣma uvāca | abhāryā śayane viśracchūdraṁ vṛddhaṁ ca vai dvijaḥ | abrāhmaṇaṁ manyamānas tṛṇeṣv āsīta pṛṣṭhataḥ | tathā saṁśudhyate rājan śṛṇu cātra vaco mama ||

Bhishma dijo: «Si un hombre dos veces nacido coloca en su lecho a una mujer que no sea su esposa legítima, o si honra a un śūdra anciano —o, teniendo por digno de especial respeto a un no brahmán (como un kṣatriya o un vaiśya), lo sienta en un asiento más alto mientras él mismo se sienta detrás sobre una estera de hierba— entonces cae del estado y la conducta propios de la brahmanidad. Oh rey, escúchame mientras explico cómo se purifica tal hombre.»

अभार्याnot (one's) wife / other-than-wife
अभार्या:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-भार्या (भार्या)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
शयनेon the bed
शयने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशयन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
विश्रच्छूद्रम्a distinguished/relaxed (i.e., comfortably seated) Śūdra
विश्रच्छूद्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविश्रत् + शूद्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वृद्धम्an old/elderly (one)
वृद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
द्विजःa twice-born (Brāhmaṇa etc.)
द्विजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अब्राह्माणम्a non-Brāhmaṇa
अब्राह्माणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअ-ब्राह्मण (ब्राह्मण)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मन्यमानःthinking/considering (as)
मन्यमानः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (धातु) → मन्यमान (शतृ/शानच्-प्रत्यय)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Ātmanepada (middle), Present (participle)
तृणेषुon grass / on a grass-mat
तृणेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतृण
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
आसीत्sat
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआस् (धातु)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पृष्ठतःbehind / at the back
पृष्ठतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृष्ठतस्
तथाthus / in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
संशुध्यतेis purified / becomes purified
संशुध्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootशुध् (धातु) + सम्
FormPresent (Laṭ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
शृणुhear
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (धातु)
FormImperative (Loṭ), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अत्रhere / in this matter
अत्र:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
वचःword(s) / statement
वचः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ममmy
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (Yudhishthira, addressed as rājan)
B
Brahmin (dvija)
W
wife (bhāryā)
N
non-wife woman (abhāryā)
S
Shudra
N
non-Brahmin (Kshatriya/Vaishya implied)
B
bed (śayana)
G
grass-mat/grass seat (tṛṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse warns that a Brahmin’s identity is sustained by disciplined conduct: sexual exclusivity with one’s lawful wife and careful observance of prescribed norms of honor and seating. Violations are framed as a ‘fall’ from Brahminhood, for which purification/atonement is then to be prescribed.

In the Shanti Parva’s dharma-instruction, Bhishma addresses the king and lists behaviors that cause a Brahmin to lose standing; he then signals that he will explain the method of purification (saṁśuddhi/prāyaścitta) for such lapses in the subsequent discussion.