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Shloka 123

Adhyāya 159 — Dāna–Dakṣiṇā, Āpaddharma Measures, and Prāyaścitta Classifications

नित्यं गम्भीरतोयाभिरापगाभिरिवोदधि: । कुरुश्रेष्ठ! मनुष्य जन्मकालमें

nityaṁ gambhīratoyābhir āpagābhir ivodadhiḥ | kuruśreṣṭha! manuṣya-janma-kāle bālyāvasthāyāṁ tathā kaumāra-yauvanāvasthāyāṁ ca yena kāraṇena svāni duṣkarmāṇi parityaktuṁ na śaknuvanti, yo manuṣyasya vṛddha-bhāve ’pi jīrṇo na bhavati, sa eva lobhaḥ | yathā gambhīra-toyā bahvyo nadyaḥ saṅgatā api samudraṁ na pūrayanti, tathā katividha-padārtha-lābhe ’pi lobhasya udaraṁ kadācana na pūryate ||

Bhishma dijo: «Oh, el mejor de los Kurus, aquello que impide al hombre abandonar sus malas acciones—al nacer, en la niñez, y de nuevo en la adolescencia y la juventud—y que no envejece ni siquiera cuando el hombre llega a la vejez, es sólo la codicia. Así como el océano no se llena aunque muchos ríos profundos desemboquen en él, del mismo modo, por muchas ganancias de bienes mundanos que lleguen, el vientre de la codicia jamás se sacia.»

नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
गम्भीर-तोयाभिःwith deep waters
गम्भीर-तोयाभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootगम्भीरतोय
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
आपगाभिःby rivers
आपगाभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआपगा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
उदधिःthe ocean
उदधिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउदधि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुरु-श्रेष्ठO best of the Kurus
कुरु-श्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरुश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
Kuru (Kuruśreṣṭha—address to Yudhishthira)
O
ocean (samudra/udadhi)
R
rivers (āpagā/nadyaḥ)

Educational Q&A

Greed (lobha) is insatiable and ageless: it persists from childhood to old age, prevents one from giving up wrongdoing, and cannot be satisfied by accumulating more possessions—like the ocean that never becomes full despite many rivers.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma addresses Yudhishthira (as ‘best of the Kurus’) and uses a vivid natural simile—rivers flowing into the ocean—to explain why craving for gain does not end and why it fuels continued unethical action.