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Shloka 13

नृशंस-लक्षणनिर्णयः | Determining the Marks of Cruel Conduct

Nṛśaṃsa

तस्मात्‌ क्षमेत बालाय जडान्धबधिराय च | बलाधिकाय राजेन्द्र तद्‌ दृष्टं त्वयि शत्रुहन्‌,शत्रुओंका नाश करनेवाले राजेन्द्र! इसलिये जो बालक, जड, अन्ध, बधिर, तथा बलमें अपनेसे बढ़ा-चढ़ा हो, उसके द्वारा किये गये प्रतिकूल बर्ताव को भी क्षमा कर देना चाहिये; यह क्षमाभाव तुम्हारे भीतर विद्यमान है

tasmāt kṣamet bālāya jaḍāndhabadhirāya ca | balādhikāya rājendra tad dṛṣṭaṃ tvayi śatruhan ||

Por ello, oh rey, destructor de enemigos, debe practicarse la paciencia incluso con un niño, con el torpe de entendimiento, con el ciego, con el sordo, y aun con quien es más fuerte que uno mismo. Tal disposición al perdón se ve morar en ti; por eso, perdona también su conducta adversa.

तस्मात्therefore/from that reason
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
क्षमेतshould forgive
क्षमेत:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootक्षम्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
बालायto/for a child
बालाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootबाल
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
जडto one who is dull/stupid
जड:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootजड
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
अन्धto one who is blind
अन्ध:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्ध
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
बधिरायto one who is deaf
बधिराय:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootबधिर
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बलाधिकायto one superior in strength
बलाधिकाय:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootबलाधिक
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootराजेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तत्that (this fact/that conduct)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दृष्टम्seen/observed
दृष्टम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
त्वयिin you
त्वयि:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Locative, Singular
शत्रुहन्O slayer of enemies
शत्रुहन्:
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रुहन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājendra (the king addressed, traditionally Yudhiṣṭhira)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches kṣamā—deliberate forbearance. One should forgive even when wronged by those who lack full responsibility (a child, the dull, the blind, the deaf) or when retaliation is imprudent (someone stronger). Forgiveness is presented as a royal virtue and a mark of inner strength.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs the king on dharma after the war. Here he urges the ruler to cultivate and display forgiveness, noting that this forgiving disposition is already evident in the king’s character.