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Shloka 4

Kośa, Bala, and Maryādā: Treasury, Capacity, and Enforceable Limits (कोश-बल-मर्यादा)

असंविहितराष्ट्स्य देशकालावजानत: । अप्राप्यं च भवेत्‌ सान्त्वं भेदो वाप्पतिपीडनात्‌ । जीवित त्वर्थहेतुर्वा तत्र कि सुकृतं भवेत्‌

asaṁvihita-rāṣṭrasya deśa-kālāvajānataḥ | aprāpyaṁ ca bhavet sāntvaṁ bhedo vā pīḍanāt | jīvita-tv-artha-hetur vā tatra kiṁ sukṛtaṁ bhavet ||

Dijo Yudhiṣṭhira: «Para quien no ha sabido salvaguardar su reino, para quien no entiende el lugar y el tiempo oportunos, y para quien—por una opresión extrema—ya no es posible emplear la conciliación ni siquiera la división como política, ¿cuál es el curso verdaderamente correcto? ¿Debe esforzarse por preservar la vida, o por asegurar los medios de la riqueza? En tal situación, ¿qué acción cuenta como la mejor, la más conforme al dharma?»

असंविहितराष्ट्रस्यof one whose kingdom is not well-protected/regulated
असंविहितराष्ट्रस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootअसंविहित-राष्ट्र
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
देशकालौplace and time
देशकालौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेश + काल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
अवजानतःof one who disregards/does not know
अवजानतः:
Sambandha
TypeVerb
Rootअव-ज्ञा
FormPresent active participle, Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अप्राप्यम्unattainable/impossible
अप्राप्यम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-प्राप्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भवेत्would be / may become
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सान्त्वम्conciliation (sāma)
सान्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसान्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भेदःdissension/strategy of division (bheda)
भेदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभेद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अतिपीडनात्because of excessive oppression/torment
अतिपीडनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअति-पीडन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
जीवितार्थहेतुःa motive/means for the sake of life (life-preservation as the cause)
जीवितार्थहेतुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजीवित-अर्थ-हेतु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
तत्रthere/in that situation
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
किम्what?
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
सुकृतम्the right/good course (well-done act)
सुकृतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसु-कृत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be / should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical dilemma in rājadharma: when governance has failed and standard diplomatic tools (conciliation and division) are no longer workable due to severe oppression, one must discern what truly counts as ‘sukṛta’—the most right and welfare-producing action—balancing survival (jīvita) against material means and state-interest (artha).

In Śānti Parva’s discourse on kingship and conduct, Yudhiṣṭhira raises a practical question about policy under extreme duress: if a ruler has lost control and cannot apply sāma or bheda, should he prioritize protecting life or securing resources, and which choice is ethically preferable.