Shloka 2

भीष्मजी कहते हैं--राजन्‌! इस प्रकार अपनी योनिमें आकर वह कुत्ता अत्यन्त दीनदशाको पहुँच गया। ऋषिने हुंकार करके उस पापीको तपोवनसे बाहर निकाल दिया ।। एवं राज्ञा मतिमता विदित्वा सत्यशौचताम्‌ । आर्ज॑वं प्रकृति सत्यं श्रुतं वृत्तं कुलं दमम्‌,इसी प्रकार बुद्धिमान्‌ राजाको चाहिये कि वह पहले अपने सेवकोंकी सच्चाई, शुद्धता, सरलता, स्वभाव, शास्त्रज्ञान, सदाचार, कुलीनता, जितेन्द्रियता, दया, बल, पराक्रम, प्रभाव, विनय तथा क्षमा आदिका पता लगाकर जो सेवक जिस कार्यके योग्य जान पड़ें, उन्हें उसीमें लगावे और उनकी रक्षाका पूरा-पूरा प्रबन्ध कर दे

bhīṣma uvāca—rājan! evaṁ svāṁ yonim āgamya sa śvā atyanta-dīna-daśāṁ gataḥ. ṛṣiṇā huṅkṛtya sa pāpī tapovanād bahiṣkṛtaḥ. evaṁ rājñā matimatā viditvā satya-śaucatām, ārjavaṁ prakṛtiṁ satyaṁ śrutaṁ vṛttaṁ kulaṁ damaṁ (dayāṁ balaṁ parākramaṁ prabhāvaṁ vinayaṁ kṣamāṁ ca), yathā-yogyaṁ sevakān karmasu niyojayet teṣāṁ ca rakṣāyāḥ samyak prabandhaṁ kuryāt.

Bhishma dijo: Oh rey, así, al volver a su propio nacimiento, aquel perro cayó en una miseria extrema. El rishi, con un severo grito de “hūṃ”, expulsó a ese pecador del bosque del eremitorio. Del mismo modo, un rey prudente debe primero averiguar en sus servidores la veracidad y la pureza, la rectitud, la disposición natural, la fidelidad, el conocimiento de las escrituras, la buena conducta, el noble linaje y el dominio de sí; junto con la compasión, la fuerza, el valor, la influencia, la humildad y la paciencia. Luego ha de asignar a cada servidor la tarea para la que sea apto y disponer plenamente su protección.

एवम्thus, in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
राज्ञाby the king
राज्ञा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
मतिमताby the intelligent (one)
मतिमता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमतिमत्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विदित्वाhaving known
विदित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada
सत्यशौचताम्truthfulness-and-purity (as a quality)
सत्यशौचताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्यशौचता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आर्जवम्straightforwardness
आर्जवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआर्जव
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रकृतिम्nature, disposition
प्रकृतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
सत्यम्truthfulness
सत्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
श्रुतम्learning, what is heard (scriptural knowledge)
श्रुतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वृत्तम्conduct, behavior
वृत्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कुलम्family, lineage
कुलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दमम्self-control
दमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
Rājan (the king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira in context)
Ṛṣi (a sage)
Ś
Śvā (a dog)
T
Tapovana (hermitage-grove)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must evaluate the moral and practical qualities of servants—truthfulness, purity, straightforwardness, temperament, learning, conduct, lineage, self-control, compassion, strength, valor, influence, humility, and patience—and then assign duties according to fitness, while ensuring their protection through proper administrative arrangements.

Bhishma recalls an episode where a dog, returning to its former birth-state, becomes utterly miserable and is driven out of the hermitage by a sage’s stern cry; he then turns the incident into counsel for the king on discerning and appointing servants and safeguarding them.