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Shloka 20

उपायधर्म-सेनायोगः

Upāya-dharma and Senāyoga: Expedient Ethics & Army Deployment

यतो वायुर्यत: सूर्यो यत: शुक्रस्ततो जय: । पूर्व पूर्व ज्याय एषां संनिपाते युधिषछ्िर,जिस ओर वायु, जिस ओर सूर्य और जिस ओर शुक्र हों, उसी ओर पृष्ठभाग रखकर युद्ध करनेसे विजय प्राप्त होती है। युधिष्ठिर! यदि ये तीनों भिन्न-भिन्न दिशाओं में हों तो इनमें पहला-पहला श्रेष्ठ है अर्थात्‌ वायुको पीछे रखकर शेष दोको सामने रखते हुए भी युद्ध किया जा सकता है

yato vāyur yataḥ sūryo yataḥ śukras tato jayaḥ | pūrvaḥ pūrvaḥ jyāya eṣāṁ sannipāte yudhiṣṭhira ||

Dijo Bhishma: «La victoria se obtiene cuando se combate con la retaguardia hacia la dirección de donde sopla el viento, hacia donde está el sol y hacia donde se ve a Venus (Shukra). Oh Yudhisthira, si estos tres se hallan en direcciones distintas y no pueden alinearse, entonces la consideración mencionada primero es la superior; así, aun manteniendo el viento a la espalda aunque los otros dos queden al frente, puede lucharse con eficacia.»

यतःfrom where / on which side
यतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयतस्
Formablatival adverb (source/side): indeclinable
वायुःwind
वायुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
यतःfrom where / on which side
यतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयतस्
Formablatival adverb (source/side): indeclinable
सूर्यःsun
सूर्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
यतःfrom where / on which side
यतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयतस्
Formablatival adverb (source/side): indeclinable
शुक्रःVenus (Śukra)
शुक्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशुक्र
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
ततःfrom there / thence / on that side
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततस्
Formablatival adverb: indeclinable
जयःvictory
जयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजय
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
पूर्वःthe former / earlier (one)
पूर्वः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
पूर्वःthe former / earlier (one)
पूर्वः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
ज्यायान्superior / better
ज्यायान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्यायस्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular (comparative)
एषाम्of these
एषाम्:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formgenitive, plural (common gender)
संनिपातेin the concurrence / when together
संनिपाते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंनिपात
Formmasculine, locative, singular
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
Formmasculine, vocative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
V
Vāyu (wind)
S
Sūrya (sun)
Ś
Śukra (Venus)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches that practical factors—wind direction, the sun’s position, and the auspicious/visible placement of Venus—can influence battlefield advantage; when they conflict, prioritize them in the order stated, with the wind as the foremost consideration.

In the Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on aspects of righteous rule and conduct, including pragmatic counsel for warfare; here he gives directional guidance for arranging one’s position in battle to improve the chances of victory.