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Shloka 81

स गाण्डिवव्यायतपूर्णमण्डल- स्तपन्‌ रिपूनर्जुनभास्करो बभौ । शरोग्ररश्मि: शुचिशुक्रमध्यगो यथैव सूर्य: परिवेषवांस्तथा,खींचे हुए गाण्डीव धनुषरूपी पूर्ण मण्डलसे युक्त अर्जुनरूपी सूर्य अपनी बाणरूपी प्रचण्ड किरणोंसे प्रकाशित हो शत्रुओंको संताप देते हुए ज्येष्ठ और आषाढ़के मध्यवर्ती उस सूर्यके समान सुशोभित हो रहे थे, जिसपर घेरा पड़ा हुआ हो

sa gāṇḍīvavyāyata-pūrṇamaṇḍalaḥ tapan ripūn arjuna-bhāskaro babhau | śarogra-raśmiḥ śuci-śukra-madhyago yathaiva sūryaḥ pariveṣavāṃs tathā ||

Karna dijo: «Arjuna —como el sol— resplandecía; su Gāṇḍīva tensado formaba un círculo perfecto. Con rayos feroces en forma de puntas de flecha abrasaba a los enemigos, apareciendo como el sol en la luminosa mitad de la estación entre Jyeṣṭha y Āṣāḍha, ceñido por un halo.»

सःhe (that one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गाण्डिव-व्यायत-पूर्ण-मण्डलःhaving a full orb (circle) in the form of the stretched Gāṇḍīva (bow)
गाण्डिव-व्यायत-पूर्ण-मण्डलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगाण्डिव + व्यायत + पूर्ण + मण्डल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तपन्scorching, tormenting
तपन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootतप्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
रिपून्enemies
रिपून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरिपु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अर्जुन-भास्करःArjuna as the sun (sun-like Arjuna)
अर्जुन-भास्करः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन + भास्कर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बभौshone, appeared splendid
बभौ:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभा
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शर-उग्र-रश्मिःwhose fierce rays are arrows
शर-उग्र-रश्मिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशर + उग्र + रश्मि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शुचि-शुक्र-मध्यगःsituated in the middle of the bright (months) Śuci and Śukra
शुचि-शुक्र-मध्यगः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि + शुक्र + मध्यग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यथाjust as
यथा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
एवindeed, exactly
एव:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सूर्यःthe sun
सूर्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परिवेषवान्having a halo (pariveṣa)
परिवेषवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरिवेषवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाso, in that manner
तथा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

कर्ण उवाच

K
Karna
A
Arjuna
G
Gāṇḍīva (bow)
S
Sun (Sūrya/Bhāskara)
J
Jyeṣṭha (month/seasonal marker)
Ā
Āṣāḍha (month/seasonal marker)
P
Pariveṣa (solar halo)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how extraordinary power, when directed in war, becomes both illuminating and scorching: Arjuna’s brilliance inspires awe yet brings suffering to foes. Ethically, it reflects the kṣatriya ideal—skill and intensity employed in battle as duty—while reminding that radiance (tejas) can be protective for one side and destructive for another.

Karna is describing Arjuna on the battlefield. With Gāṇḍīva fully drawn, Arjuna appears like a halo-circled sun; his arrows are compared to fierce rays that burn and torment the enemy ranks.