Shloka 30

कर्णार्जुनसमागमः — The Karṇa–Arjuna Confrontation

Cosmic Spectatorship and Vows

Devanagari script

प्रायच्छत्तुरगान्‌ यच्च फाल्गुनं चाप्ययोधयत्‌ | यदस्य समरे राजन्‌ सर्वे योधा अपूजयन्‌

Transliteration

prāyacchatturagān yac ca phālgunaṃ cāpy ayodhayat | yad asya samare rājan sarve yodhā apūjayan

Translation

Dijo Sañjaya: Concedió caballos y también trabó combate con Phālguna (Arjuna). Y, oh rey, en aquel encuentro todos los guerreros le rindieron honor, reconociendo su destreza y el código marcial que estima el valor aun en el enemigo.

Word by Word

• प्रायच्छत्: gave
• प्रायच्छत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-दा (यच्छ्)
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• तुरगान्: horses
• तुरगान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तुरग
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• यत्: and which / that which
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• फाल्गुनम्: Phalguna (Arjuna)
• फाल्गुनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: फाल्गुन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• अयोधयत्: caused to fight / fought (against)
• अयोधयत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), causative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• यत्: because / since (that)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• अस्य: of him
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• योधाः: warriors
• योधाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: योध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अपूजयन्: honoured / praised
• अपूजयन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: पूज्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Phālguna (Arjuna)
• turaga (horses)
• samara (battle)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even amid hostility, the kṣatriya ethic upholds respect for demonstrated excellence: valor and rightful conduct in battle can earn honor from all sides, showing that recognition of merit is not confined to one’s own camp.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the described hero both distributed horses (a sign of patronage and martial readiness) and then confronted Phālguna (Arjuna) in combat; in that battle, all the warriors paid him honor, acknowledging his prowess.