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Shloka 63

कृष्णेन अर्जुनस्य प्रोत्साहनम् — Kṛṣṇa’s Exhortation to Arjuna

Prelude to Karṇa’s Slaying

नागाश्च समरे उयड़ं ममृदु: शीघ्रगा नृप । हाथी हाथियोंसे भिड़कर एक-दूसरेको संताप देने लगे। उस समरांगणमें घोड़े घोड़ों

sañjaya uvāca | nāgāś ca samare yuddhe mṛdūḥ śīghragā nṛpa | hastī hastibhir āhūya parasparaṃ santāpayām āsuḥ | tatra samaraṅgaṇe aśvā aśvaiḥ rathino rathibhiḥ padātayaḥ padātibhiḥ samūhāś ca aśvasamudāyā rathāś ca hastinaś ca mardayām āsuḥ | nareśvara! evaṃ rathino hastinaś ca aśvān ca tathā śīghragā hastinaḥ tasmin yuddhasthale hastisenāyā anyān trīn aṅgān api ruroduḥ |

Sañjaya dijo: «Oh rey, en aquella batalla los elefantes, veloces en su embestida, se apretaron contra otros elefantes y se atormentaron mutuamente. En aquel campo, caballos chocaban con caballos, guerreros de carro con guerreros de carro, e infantes con infantes; masas de caballería, carros y elefantes trituraban y pisoteaban por doquier. Así, oh señor de los hombres, los combatientes en carro arremetían contra elefantes y caballos, y los elefantes de carga veloz, en pleno fragor, hollaban las otras tres armas—caballería, carros e infantería—hasta que la ordenada estructura del ejército se disolvió en destrucción recíproca.»

नागाःelephants
नागाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
उयड़म्unclear/possibly corrupt reading
उयड़म्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउयड
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ममृदुःthey crushed/trampled
ममृदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootमृद् (मर्दने)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural
शीघ्रगाःswift-moving
शीघ्रगाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशीघ्रग (शीघ्र + ग)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address nṛpa/nareśvara)
E
elephants (nāgāḥ/hastinaḥ)
H
horses (aśvāḥ)
C
chariots (rathāḥ)
C
chariot-warriors (rathinaḥ)
I
infantry/foot-soldiers (padātayaḥ)
B
battlefield (samaraṅgaṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores how war collapses orderly formations into indiscriminate mutual harm: even the structured fourfold army (elephants, chariots, cavalry, infantry) becomes a scene of trampling and torment, highlighting the ethical cost and dehumanizing momentum of battle.

Sanjaya describes the melee: elephants collide with elephants; horses, charioteers, and infantry engage their counterparts; and the fast-charging elephants end up trampling not only enemies but also the other arms of the army, intensifying confusion and destruction on the battlefield.