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Shloka 35

Karṇa-parva Adhyāya 20 — Yudhiṣṭhira–Duryodhana Encounter and Escalation of Arms

ध्वजा: शिरांसि च्छत्राणि द्विपहस्ता नृणां भुजा: । क्षुरेर्भल्लार्धचन्द्रैश्न च्छिन्ना: पेतुर्महीतले,ध्वज, मस्तक, छत्र, हाथीकी सूँड़ तथा मनुष्योंकी भुजाएँ--ये सब-के-सब क्षुरों, भल्लों तथा अर्धचन्द्रोंद्रारा कटकर भूतलपर पड़े थे

sañjaya uvāca |

dhvajāḥ śirāṃsi cchatrāṇi dvipahastā nṛṇāṃ bhujāḥ |

kṣuraiḥ bhallārdhacandraiś ca cchinnāḥ petur mahītale ||

Sañjaya dijo: “Estandartes, cabezas cercenadas y parasoles caídos—junto con las trompas de los elefantes y los brazos de los hombres—segados por hojas afiladas como navajas, dardos con púas y flechas de punta en media luna, todo fue a dar a la tierra. Aquel cuadro proclamaba el ímpetu implacable de la batalla: orgullo y amparo por igual eran abatidos, y el precio de la violencia se hacía visible en emblemas de rango esparcidos y cuerpos destrozados.”

ध्वजाःbanners/standards
ध्वजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शिरांसिheads
शिरांसि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
छत्राणिumbrellas/parasol standards
छत्राणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootछत्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
द्विपहस्ताःelephants' trunks (lit. elephant-hands)
द्विपहस्ताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विपहस्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नृणाम्of men
नृणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
भुजाःarms
भुजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभुज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्षुरैःby razors/razor-edged (weapons)
क्षुरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
भल्लैःby darts/spears (bhalla missiles)
भल्लैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभल्ल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अर्धचन्द्रैःby half-moon (crescent-shaped) arrows
अर्धचन्द्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्धचन्द्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
छिन्नाःcut off/severed
छिन्नाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootछिद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
पेतुःfell
पेतुः:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Plural
महीतलेon the ground/on the earth's surface
महीतले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहीतल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
dhvaja (battle standards)
C
cchatra (royal parasols)
E
elephants (dvipāḥ)
M
men/warriors (nara/nṛ)
W
weapons: kṣura, bhalla, ardhacandra

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the stark impermanence of power and status in war: banners and royal parasols—symbols of authority—fall alongside severed limbs and heads. Ethically, it confronts the listener with the tangible cost of violence even within the framework of kṣatriya-dharma, where duty in battle does not erase the tragedy of destruction.

Sañjaya describes the battlefield at a moment of intense fighting: sharp weapons and specialized arrows are cutting down standards, parasols, elephant trunks, and warriors’ arms, which then fall scattered on the ground—an image of overwhelming carnage and collapsing martial order.