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Shloka 48

Adhyāya 86: Irāvān’s Lineage, Cavalry Clash, and the Māyā-Duel Ending in Irāvān’s Fall

आरुरोह ततो यान भ्रातुरेव यशस्विन: । आर्य! तब महारथी शल्यने समरभूमिमें हँस्‍कर एक बाणसे नकुलके ध्वजको और दूसरेसे उनके धनुषको भी काट दिया। भारत! धनुष कट जानेपर उन्हें बाणोंसे आच्छादित- से करते हुए युद्धस्थलमें उनके सारथिको भी मार गिराया। राजन! फिर उन्होंने उस युद्धमें चार उत्तम सायकोंद्वारा नकुलके चारों घोड़ोंको यमराजके घर भेज दिया। घोड़ोंके मारे जानेपर महारथी नकुल उस रथसे तुरंत ही कूदकर अपने यशस्वी भाई सहदेवके ही रथपर जा बैठे ।। एकस्थोौ तु रणे शूरौ दृढे विक्षिप्य कार्मुकौ

āruroha tato yānaṁ bhrātur eva yaśasvinaḥ | ārya! tataḥ mahārathī śalyena samarabhūmau haṁs-kṛtvā eka-bāṇena nakulasya dhvajaṁ dvitīyena ca tasya dhanuḥ api ciccheda | bhārata! dhanuṣi chinne bāṇaiḥ ācchādayann iva yuddhasthale tasya sārathiṁ api nipātayām āsa | rājan! tataḥ sa tasmin yuddhe catubhiḥ uttamaiḥ sāyakaiḥ nakulasya catvāraḥ aśvān yamasya gṛhaṁ preṣayām āsa | aśveṣu hateṣu mahārathī nakulaḥ tasmāt rathāt sahasā avatīrya yaśasvinaḥ bhrātuḥ sahadevasya eva rathaṁ samāruroha || ekastho tu raṇe śūrau dṛḍhe vikṣipya kārmukau

Dijo Sañjaya: Entonces Nakula subió al carro de su ilustre hermano Sahadeva. En el campo de batalla, el gran guerrero de carro Śalya, sonriendo con confianza, con una flecha abatió el estandarte de Nakula y con otra le cercenó también el arco. Cuando el arco quedó roto, Śalya lo cubrió con una lluvia de flechas, y en plena lucha derribó asimismo a su auriga. Luego, oh Rey, con cuatro dardos excelentes envió a los cuatro caballos de Nakula a la morada de Yama. Muertos los caballos, el poderoso Nakula saltó al instante de aquel carro y tomó asiento en el carro de su renombrado hermano Sahadeva.

एकस्थौstanding in one place / stationed together
एकस्थौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएकस्थ (एक + स्थ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
तुbut, however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
शूरौtwo heroes
शूरौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
दृढेtwo firm/strong (bows)
दृढे:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदृढ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Dual
विक्षिप्यhaving brandished / having hurled about
विक्षिप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-क्षिप्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
कार्मुकौtwo bows
कार्मुकौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकार्मुक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Dual

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhritarashtra (implied by rājan)
B
Bharata (address to the king)
N
Nakula
S
Sahadeva
S
Shalya
Y
Yama
B
banner (dhvaja)
B
bow (dhanuḥ)
A
arrows (bāṇa/sāyaka)
C
charioteer (sārathi)
H
horses (aśva)
B
battlefield (samarabhūmi)

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights kṣatriya-dharma in its battlefield form: composure under sudden loss (banner, bow, charioteer, horses), and the practical ethic of continuing one’s duty without despair. The image of sending horses to Yama’s abode underscores the inevitability of death in war and the need for steadiness and resolve.

Shalya decisively disables Nakula’s chariot-fighting capacity by cutting his standard and bow, killing his charioteer, and then killing all four horses with four arrows. With his chariot rendered unusable, Nakula immediately dismounts and boards Sahadeva’s chariot to continue the battle.