Shloka 12

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Discourse and the Elephant-Corps Engagement (भीमगजानीक-सम्भ्रान्ति)

Devanagari script

अन्योन्यं सम तदा योधा विकर्षन्तो विशाम्पते

Transliteration

anyonyam sama tadā yodhā vikarṣanto viśāmpate

Translation

Sañjaya dijo: Entonces, oh señor de los pueblos, los guerreros—igualados en fuerza—se tiraban y arrastraban unos a otros en el apretado fragor de la batalla, cada cual esforzándose por dominar al contrario. La escena muestra que, cuando la fuerza se enfrenta a la fuerza, la victoria depende de la resolución y la disciplina, y no del mero ímpetu.

Word by Word

• अन्योन्यम्: mutually, each other
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्योन्य
• Form: Avyaya (adverbial accusative usage)

• समम्: equally, evenly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम
• Form: Avyaya (adverb)

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा
• Form: Avyaya (temporal adverb)

• योधाः: warriors
• योधाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: योध
• Form: Masculine, nominative, plural

• विकर्षन्तः: dragging, pulling (apart)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + कृश्
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), masculine, nominative, plural

• विशाम्पते: O lord of the people
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशाम्पति
• Form: Masculine, vocative, singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by viśāmpate)
• warriors (yodhāḥ)