Shloka 19

जिस समय द्रष्टा5 तीनों गुणोंके अतिरिक्त अन्य किसीको कर्ता नहीं देखता और तीनों गुणोंसे अत्यन्त परे सच्चिदानन्दघनस्वरूप मुझ परमात्माको तत्त्वसे जानता है, उस समय वह मेरे स्वरूपको प्राप्त होता है?

arjuna uvāca — yadā draṣṭā guṇebhyaḥ anyam kartāraṁ na paśyati, guṇebhyaś ca param atītya māṁ saccidānanda-ghana-svarūpaṁ paramātmānaṁ tattvataḥ jānāti, tadā sa mama svarūpaṁ prāpnoti?

Arjuna dijo: ¿Cuándo sucede que el vidente ya no ve a ningún hacedor aparte de las tres guṇas, y cuándo —habiendo ido muy más allá de esas guṇas— conoce en verdad a Mí, el Ser Supremo, cuya naturaleza es una masa compacta de ser, conciencia y dicha (sat-cit-ānanda)? ¿Es entonces cuando alcanza Mi propio estado?

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
द्रष्टाthe seer
द्रष्टा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदृश्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुणेभ्यःfrom the guṇas
गुणेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
अन्यंanother (one)
अन्यं:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कर्तारम्doer/agent
कर्तारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्तृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पश्यतिsees
पश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुणेभ्यःfrom the guṇas
गुणेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
परम्beyond
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वेत्तिknows
वेत्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
मद्भावम्my state/nature
मद्भावम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमद्भाव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अधिगच्छतिattains
अधिगच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-गम्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
P
Paramātmā (Supreme Self)
T
the three guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames liberation as a shift in vision: one recognizes that actions belong to prakṛti through the three guṇas, not to the pure witnessing Self, and then realizes the Supreme Self beyond the guṇas. Such realization culminates in attaining the Lord’s state—freedom from guṇic conditioning.

In the midst of the Kurukṣetra teaching, Arjuna asks Kṛṣṇa a precise doctrinal question about the ‘knower of the guṇas’: when the seer no longer attributes agency beyond the guṇas and truly knows the Supreme beyond them, does that moment mark attainment of the divine state?