Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 34

मनुष्या जगति श्रेष्ठा: पक्षिणां पतगेश्वर: | सरितां सागर: श्रेष्ठो गौर्वरिष्ठा चतुष्पदाम्‌,“जंगम प्राणियोंमें मनुष्य श्रेष्ठ हैं, पक्षियोंमें पक्षिराज गरुड़ श्रेष्ठ माने जाते हैं, सरिताओंमें समुद्र श्रेष्ठ हैं और चौपायोंमें गौ उत्तम मानी गयी है

manuṣyā jagati śreṣṭhāḥ pakṣiṇāṃ patageśvaraḥ | saritāṃ sāgaraḥ śreṣṭho gaur variṣṭhā catuṣpadām ||

Sañjaya dijo: «Entre los seres que se mueven en el mundo, los humanos son tenidos por los primeros; entre las aves, Garuḍa, señor de los alados, es supremo; entre los ríos y las aguas, el océano es considerado el mayor; y entre los cuadrúpedos, la vaca es tenida por la mejor».

मनुष्याःmen, human beings
मनुष्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जगतिin the world
जगति:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजगत्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
श्रेष्ठाःare the best
श्रेष्ठाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पक्षिणाम्among birds (of birds)
पक्षिणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपक्षिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
पतग-ईश्वरःthe lord of birds (Garuda)
पतग-ईश्वरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपतगेश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सरिताम्among rivers (of rivers)
सरिताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसरित्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
सागरःthe ocean, sea
सागरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसागर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्रेष्ठःis the best
श्रेष्ठः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गौःthe cow
गौः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वरिष्ठाis the most excellent
वरिष्ठा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवरिष्ठ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
चतुष्पदाम्among quadrupeds (of four-footed beings)
चतुष्पदाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootचतुष्पद
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
G
Garuḍa
O
ocean (sāgara)
C
cow (gauḥ)
H
humans (manuṣyāḥ)

Educational Q&A

It presents a conventional hierarchy of ‘the best’ within categories (humans, birds, waters, quadrupeds) to highlight exemplars and the duties implied by excellence—especially the ethical responsibility associated with being ‘foremost’.

Sañjaya is describing and classifying beings by traditional standards of supremacy, using well-known exemplars (Garuḍa, the ocean, the cow) as part of a broader discourse that contextualizes values and norms within the epic’s unfolding events.