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Shloka 47

प्राह सर्वान्‌ समुद्वीक्ष्य भरतान्‌ भारतं प्रति । कुन्तीपुत्र युधां श्रेष्ठ सुह्ृदां प्रीतिवर्धनम्‌,उन्होंने वह तकिया देनेसे अर्जुनकी प्रशंसा करके उन्हें प्रसन्न किया और समस्त भरतवंशियोंकी ओर देखकर योद्धाओंमें श्रेष्ठ, सुहदोंका आनन्द बढ़ानेवाले, भरतकुलभूषण, कुन्तीपुत्र अर्जुनसे इस प्रकार कहा--

sañjaya uvāca | prāha sarvān samudvīkṣya bharatān bhārataṃ prati | kuntīputra yudhāṃ śreṣṭha suhṛdāṃ prītivardhanam |

Dijo Sañjaya: Tras mirar a todos los Bhāratas, se dirigió al descendiente de Bharata. Elogiando a Arjuna, hijo de Kuntī—el mejor entre los guerreros, quien acrecienta la dicha de sus amigos—le habló de este modo, para infundirle ánimo y marcar el tono de lo que habría de decirse en medio de los parientes reunidos al borde de la guerra.

प्राहsaid/spoke
प्राह:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
सर्वान्all (of them)
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
समुद्वीक्ष्यhaving looked at / after surveying
समुद्वीक्ष्य:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + उद् + ईक्ष् (धातु)
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त, ल्यप्), Parasmaipada (sense)
भरतान्the Bharatas
भरतान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभरत (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भारतंto Bhārata / O Bhārata (form is acc. sg.; used as address in epic style)
भारतं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभारत (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रतिtowards / in the direction of
प्रति:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति (अव्यय)
कुन्तीपुत्रO son of Kuntī
कुन्तीपुत्र:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootकुन्ती + पुत्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
युधाम्of battles / of warriors (in battle-context)
युधाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुध् (स्त्रीलिङ्ग प्रातिपदिक: युध्/युधा)
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
श्रेष्ठO best
श्रेष्ठ:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सुहृदाम्of friends / well-wishers
सुहृदाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसुहृद् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
प्रीतिवर्धनम्increaser of joy/affection
प्रीतिवर्धनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रीति + वर्धन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
A
Arjuna (Kuntiputra)
B
Bharatas (Bharata lineage)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical power of speech in a crisis: before giving counsel, one steadies the listener through respectful praise and by acknowledging their virtues—especially courage, loyalty, and the capacity to uplift allies—so that right action (dharma) can be received and carried out.

Sanjaya narrates that a speaker, after surveying the assembled Bharata kinsmen, turns to Arjuna and addresses him with honorific epithets—best of fighters and gladdener of friends—preparing to deliver a consequential statement in the tense prelude to battle.