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Shloka 42

शकुनेः पुत्रेण सह आश्वमेधाश्वविषयः संघर्षः — Arjuna’s restrained engagement with Śakuni’s son during the horse-escort

पर्यवेषन्‌ द्विजातींस्तानू शतशो5थ सहस्रश: । विविधान्यन्नपानानि पुरुषा येडनुयायिन: । ते वै नृपोपभोज्यानि ब्राह्मुणानां ददुश्च॒ ह,सैकड़ों और हजारों मनुष्य वहाँ ब्राह्मणोंको तरह-तरहके भोजन परोसते थे। वे सब- के-सब सोनेके हार और विशुद्ध मणिमय कुण्डलोंसे अलंकृत होते थे। राजाके अनुयायी पुरुष वहाँ ब्राह्मणोंको तरह-तरहके अन्न-पान एवं राजोचित भोजन अर्पित करते थे

paryaveṣan dvijātīṁs tān śataśo ’tha sahasraśaḥ | vividhāny annapānāni puruṣā ye ’nuyāyinaḥ | te vai nṛpopabhogyāni brāhmaṇānāṁ daduś ca ||

Dijo Vaiśampāyana: A aquellos brāhmaṇas, los dos veces nacidos, se les servía—por cientos y por miles. Los asistentes y seguidores del rey les presentaban muchas clases de comida y bebida, ofreciendo provisiones dignas del disfrute real. La escena subraya el deber del gobernante de honrar a los brāhmaṇas mediante una hospitalidad generosa y una distribución ordenada, haciendo de la caridad pública una expresión de dharma y no mera ostentación.

पर्यवेषन्served (food/drink)
पर्यवेषन्:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootपरि+अवेष् (धातु: अवेष्/वेष् ‘सेवने/परिवेषणे’)
Formलङ् (अनद्यतनभूत), परस्मैपद, 3, plural
द्विजातीन्the twice-born (Brahmins etc.)
द्विजातीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजाति
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
तान्those
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
शतशःby hundreds
शतशः:
Adverbial
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशत
Formfrequency/measure adverb
अथand/then
अथ:
Discourse
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
Formparticle
सहस्रशःby thousands
सहस्रशः:
Adverbial
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहस्र
Formfrequency/measure adverb
विविधानिvarious
विविधानि:
Visheshana (of अन्नपानानि)
TypeAdjective
Rootविविध
Formneuter, accusative, plural
अन्नपानानिfoods and drinks
अन्नपानानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्नपान
Formneuter, accusative, plural
पुरुषाःmen
पुरुषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
येwho
ये:
Karta (relative pronoun)
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
अनुयायिनःfollowers/attendants
अनुयायिनः:
Karta (apposition to पुरुषाः)
TypeNoun
Rootअनुयायिन्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
वैindeed
वै:
Discourse
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
Formparticle (emphasis)
नृपोपभोज्यानिroyal delicacies/fit for a king’s enjoyment
नृपोपभोज्यानि:
Karma (object given)
TypeAdjective
Rootनृप-उपभोज्य
Formneuter, accusative, plural, उपभोज्य (gerundive/तव्यत्-प्रत्ययार्थक, ‘fit to be enjoyed/used’)
ब्राह्मणानाम्of/for the Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
Sampradana (recipient, expressed via genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
ददुःgave/offered
ददुः:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootदा (दाने)
Formलिट् (परिपूर्णभूत/परफेक्ट), परस्मैपद, 3, plural
and
:
Discourse
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formconjunction
indeed/forsooth
:
Discourse
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formparticle (narrative/emphasis)

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
B
brāhmaṇāḥ (dvijātayaḥ)
N
nṛpa (king, implied)
A
anuyāyinaḥ (royal attendants/retinue)
A
annapāna (food and drink)
N
nṛpopabhogya (royal provisions)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights rājadharma expressed through dāna and atithi-satkāra: a righteous ruler (and his household/retinue) should honor Brahmins and guests with abundant, orderly hospitality, offering even royal-quality provisions as a public act of dharma.

Large numbers of Brahmins are being served and given varied food and drink by the king’s attendants and followers, who distribute royal-grade provisions as part of a major ceremonial setting in the Ashvamedhika Parva.