Shloka 21

सदा च प्रातरुत्थाय कृतजप्य: शुचिर्न॑प:,विपरीतकश्न मे शत्रुर्नियम्यश्न भवेन्नर: । राजा युधिष्ठिर बड़े दयालु थे। वे सदा प्रसन्न रहकर अपने भाइयों और मन्त्रियोंसे कहा करते थे कि “ये राजा धृतराष्ट्र मेरे और आपलोगोंके माननीय हैं। जो इनकी आज्ञाके अधीन रहता है, वही मेरा सुहृद्‌ है। विपरीत आचरण करनेवाला मेरा शत्रु है। वह मेरे दण्डका भागी होगा

sadā ca prātar utthāya kṛtajapyaḥ śucir nṛpaḥ | viparīta-kṛc ca me śatrur niyamyaś ca bhaven naraḥ ||

Dijo Vaiśampāyana: «Un rey debe levantarse siempre al alba, mantenerse puro y cumplir sus recitaciones prescritas. El hombre que obra en contra de la recta conducta se vuelve mi enemigo; pero quien vive bajo disciplina y obediencia se vuelve mi bienqueriente». En este contexto, Yudhiṣṭhira, célebre por su compasión, recordaba una y otra vez a sus hermanos y ministros que Dhṛtarāṣṭra era digno de honor para ellos; quien siguiera sus mandatos debía ser tenido por amigo de Yudhiṣṭhira, mientras que quien se opusiera sería tratado como infractor, merecedor de castigo.

सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रातर्in the morning
प्रातर्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रातर्
उत्थायhaving risen
उत्थाय:
TypeVerb
Rootउत्-स्था
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
कृतजप्यःone who has performed the (required) japa
कृतजप्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत-जप्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शुचिःpure/clean
शुचिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृपःking
नृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विपरीतकश्चand one who acts contrariwise
विपरीतकश्च:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविपरीत-काश् + च
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मेmy/of me
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
शत्रुःenemy
शत्रुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नियम्यhaving restrained/controlled
नियम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-यम्
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
अश्नन्eats
अश्नन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअश्
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
भवेत्should be/becomes
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
नरःa man
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Educational Q&A

The verse links righteous kingship with personal discipline (rising early, purity, japa) and with ethical governance: loyalty to rightful authority is treated as friendship, while willful contrariness to dharmic command is treated as enmity and becomes liable to royal punishment (daṇḍa).

In the Āśramavāsika context, Yudhiṣṭhira instructs his brothers and ministers to honor Dhṛtarāṣṭra as a venerable elder; those who comply with Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s directives are counted as Yudhiṣṭhira’s allies, and those who oppose are treated as offenders.