Previous Verse

Shloka 96

Taḍāga-Phala and Vṛkṣāropaṇa

Merit of Ponds and Tree-Planting

[सिवासे शूद्रोंकी परम गति, शौचाचार, सदाचार तथा वर्णधर्मका कथन एवं संन्यासियोंके धर्मोका वर्णन और उससे उनको परम गतिकी प्राप्ति] युधिछिर उवाच शूद्राणामिह शुश्रूषा नित्यमेवानुवर्णिता । कै: कारणै: कतिविधा शुश्रूषा समुदाह्वता ।।

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |

śūdrāṇām iha śuśrūṣā nityam evānvarṇitā |

kaiḥ kāraṇaiḥ katividhā śuśrūṣā samudāhṛtā ||

ke ca śuśrūṣayā lokā vihitā bharatarṣabha |

śūdrāṇāṃ bharataśreṣṭha brūhi me dharmalakṣaṇam ||

bhīṣma uvāca |

atrāpy udāharantīmam itihāsaṃ purātanam |

śūdrāṇām anukampārthaṃ yad uktaṃ brahmavādinā ||

Yudhiṣṭhira preguntó: «Abuelo venerable, en este mundo se describe constantemente el servicio (śuśrūṣā) como el deber supremo de los Śūdras: el servicio rendido a los dos veces nacidos. ¿Por qué razones se enseña este servicio y en cuántas formas se dice que existe? ¿Y qué mundos (destinos) se asignan a los Śūdras por medio de tal servicio? Oh toro entre los Bharatas, oh el mejor de los Bharatas, explícame los rasgos definitorios de este dharma.» Bhīṣma respondió: «También sobre esto se cita un relato antiguo: lo que un Brahmavādin (maestro consagrado a Brahman) dijo por compasión hacia los Śūdras.»

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular
शूद्राणाम्of Śūdras
शूद्राणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
इहhere, in this world
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
शुश्रूषाservice, attendance
शुश्रूषा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशुश्रूषा (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अनुवर्णिताhas been described
अनुवर्णिता:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-वर्ण् (धातु) → अनुवर्णित (कृदन्त)
FormPassive, Past participle (kta), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
कैःby what (causes/means)
कैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
कारणैःby reasons/causes
कारणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकारण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
कति-विदाof how many kinds
कति-विदा:
TypeAdjective
Rootकति (अव्यय/संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + विधा (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
शुश्रूषाservice
शुश्रूषा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशुश्रूषा (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
समुदाह्वताhas been declared/called
समुदाह्वता:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-उद्-आह्वा (धातु) → समुदाह्वत (कृदन्त)
FormPassive, Past participle (kta), Feminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śūdras
D
Dvijas (twice-born; implied)
B
Bharata lineage (Bharatarṣabha, Bharataśreṣṭha)
B
Brahmavādin (unnamed here; later tradition identifies Parāśara in the extended passage)

Educational Q&A

The passage frames śuśrūṣā—disciplined, respectful service—as a central dharma for Śūdras, and asks for its rationale, its classifications, and the spiritual/post-mortem outcomes (lokas) said to follow from it. Bhīṣma signals that the answer will be grounded in an authoritative ancient narrative spoken compassionately for Śūdras.

Yudhiṣṭhira questions Bhīṣma about why service to the twice-born is repeatedly taught for Śūdras and what it yields. Bhīṣma begins his reply by invoking an old itihāsa (illustrative tradition) attributed to a brahmavādin teacher, setting up a longer didactic discourse that follows.