Shloka 46
अनुशासनपर्व अध्याय ९३ — तपस्, सदोपवास, विघसाशन, अतिथिप्रियता
Austerity, regulated fasting, residual-eating, and hospitality
सम्भोजनी नाम पिशाचदक्षिणा सा नैव देवान् न पितृनुपैति । इहैव सा भ्राम्यति हीनपुण्या शालान्तरे गौरिव नष्टवत्सा
sambhojanī nāma piśāca-dakṣiṇā sā naiva devān na pitṝn upaiti | ihaiva sā bhrāmyati hīna-puṇyā śālāntare gaur iva naṣṭa-vatsā ||
Dijo Bhishma: La remuneración (dakṣiṇā) que nace de los banquetes recíprocos—cuando la gente come en el śrāddha de los demás y luego da y recibe pagos a cambio—se llama “piśāca-dakṣiṇā”, una dádiva fantasmal e impura. No llega ni a los dioses ni a los Pitṛs (antepasados). Falta de mérito, vaga en este mismo mundo, como una vaca que ha perdido a su ternero y da vueltas inquieta dentro del establo; así, esos pagos intercambiados se quedan aquí y no alcanzan a los ancestros.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhīṣma teaches that ritual gifts (dakṣiṇā) must be given with sincerity and proper intent; payments exchanged merely as reciprocal compensation for attending one another’s śrāddha are spiritually sterile—called piśāca-dakṣiṇā—and yield no benefit to gods or ancestors.
In his instruction on dharma and śrāddha conduct, Bhīṣma warns against a social practice of mutual feasting with give-and-take payments. He illustrates its futility with a simile: like a cow that has lost her calf and keeps circling within the cowshed, such meritless dakṣiṇā remains confined to this world and does not reach the Pitṛs.