Shloka 23

(ब्राह्मणानुज्ञया ग्राह्मूं राज्यं च सपुरोहितै: । तद्रक्षणेन स्वर्गोडस्य तत्कोपान्नरको$क्षय: ।।) पुरोहितसहित राजाओंको ब्राह्मणकी आज्ञासे राज्य ग्रहण करना चाहिये। ब्राह्मणकी रक्षासे ही राजाको स्वर्ग मिलता है और उसको रुष्ट कर देनेसे वह अनन्तकालके लिये नरकमें गिर जाता है ।। पुत्रवच्च ततो रक्ष्या उपास्या गुरुवच्च ते । अग्निवच्चोपचर्य वै ब्राह्मणा: कुरुसत्तम,कुरुश्रेष्ठ! ब्राह्मणोंकी पुत्रके समान रक्षा, गुरुकी भाँति उपासना और अग्निकी भाँति उनकी सेवा-पूजा करनी चाहिये

brāhmaṇānujñayā grāhyaṁ rājyaṁ ca sapurohitaiḥ | tad-rakṣaṇena svargo 'sya tat-kopān narako 'kṣayaḥ || putravat ca tato rakṣyā upāsyā guruvat te | agnivat copacaryā vai brāhmaṇāḥ kurusattama ||

Bhīṣma dijo: «Los reyes, junto con sus sacerdotes, deben aceptar y sostener la soberanía solo con la sanción de los brāhmaṇas. Protegiendo a los brāhmaṇas, el gobernante alcanza el cielo; pero provocando su ira cae al infierno por un tiempo sin término. Por ello, oh el mejor de los Kurus, a los brāhmaṇas hay que guardarlos como a hijos propios, reverenciarlos como a maestros y servirlos y adorarlos como se atiende el fuego sagrado».

ब्राह्मणानुज्ञयाby the permission of the Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानुज्ञया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण-अनुज्ञा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
ग्राह्यम्to be accepted/should be taken
ग्राह्यम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
राज्यम्kingdom, sovereignty
राज्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सपुरोहितैःtogether with (their) priests
सपुरोहितैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस-पुरोहित
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
तत्that (i.e., that kingdom/duty)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रक्षणेनby protecting (it/them)
रक्षणेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षण
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
स्वर्गःheaven
स्वर्गः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उदस्यhaving obtained/attained (reading uncertain)
उदस्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउद् + अस्
FormPresent, Gerund/Absolutive (ktvā-arthīya), irregular reading
तत्that (Brahmin)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कोपात्from (his) anger
कोपात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकोप
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
नरकःhell
नरकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनरक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अक्षयःimperishable, endless
अक्षयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअक्षय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुत्रवत्like a son
पुत्रवत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुत्रवत्
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ततःtherefore/then
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
रक्ष्याःare to be protected/should be protected
रक्ष्याः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उपास्याःare to be revered/served
उपास्याः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउप + आस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गुरुवत्like a teacher
गुरुवत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootगुरुवत्
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तेthey (those Brahmins)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अग्निवत्like fire
अग्निवत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअग्निवत्
उपचर्याःare to be attended upon/worshipped
उपचर्याः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउप + चर्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कुरुसत्तमO best of the Kurus
कुरुसत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु-सत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
Kuru (dynasty)
K
kings (rājānaḥ)
B
Brāhmaṇas
P
purohitas (royal priests)
S
svarga (heaven)
N
naraka (hell)
A
agni (sacred fire)

Educational Q&A

Royal authority is ethically legitimate only when aligned with Brāhmaṇic sanction and protection of the learned/priestly class; safeguarding them leads to merit (svarga), while offending them brings grave demerit (naraka). The verse frames Brāhmaṇas as dependents to be protected (like sons), authorities to be revered (like gurus), and sacred presences to be ritually honored (like fire).

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma after the war. Here he emphasizes rajadharma: how a king should relate to Brāhmaṇas and royal priests, presenting their protection and reverence as a decisive factor in the king’s moral and post-mortem fate.