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Shloka 10

च्यवन-कुशिक-संवादः

Cyavana–Kuśika Dialogue on Hospitality, Service, and Lineage Questions

मागधो वामकइश्नैव द्वौ वैश्यस्योपलक्षितौ । ब्राह्माण्यां क्षत्रियायां च क्षत्रियस्यैक एव तु

bhīṣma uvāca |

māgadho vāmakaiś caiva dvau vaiśyasyopalakṣitau |

brāhmaṇyāṁ kṣatriyāyāṁ ca kṣatriyasyaika eva tu ||

Bhishma dijo: «De un vaiśya se reconocen dos clases de descendencia cuando nacen en el vientre de una mujer brāhmaṇa y en el de una mujer kṣatriya: se las conoce, respectivamente, como Māgadha y Vāmaka. Pero para un kṣatriya sólo se reconoce una: el hijo nacido de una mujer brāhmaṇa, llamado Sūta. Éstos se cuentan entre los ‘apasada’ (pratiloma), nacimientos de orden inverso. Oh rey, tales clasificaciones se enuncian como establecidas en este discurso del dharma y no deben desecharse como falsas.»

मागधःMagadha (a mixed-caste son/type)
मागधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमागध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वामकःVāmaka (a mixed-caste son/type)
वामकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवामक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवas it were/indeed (comparative particle)
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
द्वौtwo
द्वौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
वैश्यस्यof a Vaiśya
वैश्यस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
उपलक्षितौare observed/recognized
उपलक्षितौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउपलक्षित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
ब्राह्माण्याम्in/from a Brāhmaṇī (Brahmin woman)
ब्राह्माण्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
क्षत्रियायाम्in/from a Kṣatriyā (Kshatriya woman)
क्षत्रियायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिया
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षत्रियस्यof a Kṣatriya
क्षत्रियस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
एकःone
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवonly/indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तुbut/however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
Māgadha
V
Vāmaka
S
Sūta
V
Vaishya
B
Brahmin woman (Brāhmaṇī)
K
Kshatriya woman (Kṣatriyā)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a normative dharma classification of certain ‘pratiloma’ (reverse-order) unions and the names assigned to their offspring, treating these categories as authoritative within the traditional social-ethical framework being taught by Bhishma.

In the Anushasana Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma is explaining to the king a set of traditional social categories: which mixed-lineage sons are said to arise from a Vaishya father with Brahmin/Kshatriya mothers (Māgadha, Vāmaka), and from a Kshatriya father with a Brahmin mother (Sūta).