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Shloka 16

Adhyāya 39 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s inquiry on attachment (saṅga) and relational restraint

भूमिरेतो निगिरति सर्पो बिलशयानिव । राजानं चाप्ययोद्धारं ब्राह्मणं चाप्रवासिनम्‌,जैसे साँप बिलमें रहनेवाले छोटे जीवोंको निगल जाता है, उसी प्रकार युद्ध न करनेवाले क्षत्रिय और विद्याके लिये प्रवास न करनेवाले ब्राह्मणको यह पृथ्वी निगल जाती है

bhūmir eto nigirati sarpo bilaśayān iva | rājānaṃ cāpy ayoddhāraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ cāpravāsinam ||

Dijo Soma: “Así como una serpiente engulle a las pequeñas criaturas que habitan en agujeros, así también la tierra ‘engulle’ (esto es, arruina y sumerge en la oscuridad) a un rey que no quiere combatir y a un brahmán que no sale en busca del saber. En otras palabras, descuidar el propio deber—valor y protección para el kshatriya, estudio disciplinado mediante viaje y formación para el brahmán—conduce al declive, tan ciertamente como la presa es consumida por la serpiente.”

भूमिःthe earth
भूमिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
एतान्these (persons)
एतान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
निगिरतिswallows
निगिरति:
TypeVerb
Rootगिर् (गॄ) + नि
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सर्पःa snake
सर्पः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसर्प
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बिलशयान्hole-dwellers (creatures living in burrows)
बिलशयान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबिलशय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
राजानम्a king
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अयोद्धारम्one who does not fight (a non-combatant)
अयोद्धारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअयोद्धृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणम्a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अप्रवासिनम्one who does not go abroad/does not travel (for study)
अप्रवासिनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रवासिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

सोम उवाच

S
Soma
E
earth (Bhūmi)
S
serpent (Sarpa)
K
king (Rājā)
B
Brahmin (Brāhmaṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches svadharma: a Kshatriya who refuses rightful battle and a Brahmin who refuses the disciplined pursuit of learning (including necessary travel/sojourn for study) both fall into decline. Neglect of one’s ordained responsibilities leads to being ‘consumed’ by worldly consequences.

Soma delivers a moral analogy: just as a snake devours small burrow-dwelling creatures, the earth metaphorically devours those who abandon their social and ethical duties—specifically, the non-fighting king and the non-studying (non-traveling for learning) Brahmin.