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Shloka 11

पात्रलक्षण-परिक्षा (Pātra-Lakṣaṇa Parīkṣā) — Criteria for a Worthy Recipient

ब्राह्मणादेव तद्‌ भूतं प्रभवन्ति यत: प्रजा:

brāhmaṇād eva tad bhūtaṃ prabhavanti yataḥ prajāḥ | yasmāt samastā prajā utpadyante, tat yajñādi karma brāhmaṇebhya eva sampadyate | jīvo yatas utpadyate ca mṛtyoḥ paścāt yatra gacchati, tat tattvaṃ, svarga-narakayoḥ mārgaṃ tathā bhūta-vartamāna-bhaviṣyat ca brāhmaṇa eva jānāti | brāhmaṇo manuṣyeṣu sarvaśreṣṭhaḥ | (bharataśreṣṭha) yo ’sya dharmaṃ jānāti taṃ ca pālayati sa eva satyo brāhmaṇaḥ ||

Dijo Bhishma: Del brahmán surge aquel principio por el cual nacen los seres vivos; y los sacrificios (yajña) y los demás ritos sagrados que sostienen a la sociedad son cumplidos por los brahmanes. El brahmán conoce la verdad de la que nace la vida y a la que retorna tras la muerte; conoce los caminos que conducen al cielo y al infierno, y comprende el pasado, el presente y el porvenir. Por ello se tiene al brahmán por el primero entre los hombres. Sin embargo, oh el mejor de los Bháratas, sólo quien conoce de veras su dharma y vive conforme a él es un brahmán auténtico.

ब्राह्मणात्from the Brahmin
ब्राह्मणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
भूतम्come into being/produced
भूतम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
प्रभवन्तिarise/originate
प्रभवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू (प्र + भू)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
यतःfrom which/whence
यतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयतस्
प्रजाःcreatures/subjects
प्रजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Bharata (as an epithet: bharataśreṣṭha)
B
Brahmin (brāhmaṇa)
P
Prajāḥ (creatures/people)
Y
Yajña (sacrifice)
S
Svarga (heaven)
N
Naraka (hell)

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes birth/status from ethical authenticity: a Brahmin is truly such not merely by designation but by knowing dharma and living it. Knowledge of sacred truths and responsibility for sustaining rites are meaningful only when grounded in righteous conduct.

In Anushasana Parva, Bhishma is instructing Yudhishthira on dharma. Here he explains the traditional esteem for Brahmins as custodians of ritual and metaphysical knowledge, and then refines it by asserting that genuine Brahminhood is validated by adherence to one’s dharma.