Shloka 42
Adhyāya 152 — Bhīṣma’s Authorization for Yudhiṣṭhira’s Return to the Capital (नगरप्रवेशानुज्ञा)
परुषाण्यपि चोक्ता या दृष्टा दृष्टेन चक्षुषा । सुप्रसन्नमुखी भर्तुर्या नारी सा पतिव्रता
paruṣāṇy api coktā yā dṛṣṭā dṛṣṭena cakṣuṣā | suprasannamukhī bhartur yā nārī sā pativratā ||
Dijo Mahādeva: Aun cuando el esposo hable con aspereza, o aun cuando la mire con una mirada que busca faltas, la mujer que, sin embargo, conserva ante su marido un semblante sereno y alegre—benigna e inconmovible—debe ser conocida como pativratā, esposa firme en su voto de fidelidad y en su conducta devota. El verso presenta esa firmeza no como mera obediencia exterior, sino como una disciplina ética: constancia en el servicio y en la buena voluntad dentro del matrimonio.
श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse defines pativratā-dharma as steadfastness and gracious composure toward one’s husband even under provocation—harsh speech or a critical look—presenting inner restraint and constancy as the ethical hallmark of devoted marital conduct.
In Anuśāsana Parva’s didactic setting, Śrīmahēśvara (Mahādeva) is speaking in a prescriptive, moral-register voice, offering a criterion by which a woman is recognized as pativratā: her unwavering, serene demeanor toward her husband despite unpleasant treatment.