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Shloka 70

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

इनमें भी सदा स्वाध्यायशील होना ब्राह्मणका मुख्य धर्म है, यज्ञ करना सनातन धर्म है और अपनी शक्तिके अनुसार विधिपूर्वक दान देना उसके लिये प्रशस्त धर्म है ।।

śrīmaheśvara uvāca | imeṣu api sadā svādhyāyaśīlo bhavituṃ brāhmaṇasya mukhyo dharmaḥ | yajñaṃ kartum sanātano dharmaḥ | svaśaktyā yathāvidhi dānaṃ dātuṃ tasya praśasto dharmaḥ || śamas tūparamo dharmaḥ pravṛttaḥ satsu nityaśaḥ | gṛhasthānāṃ viśuddhānāṃ dharmasya nicayo mahān ||

Śrī Maheśvara dijo: «Entre estos deberes, la constante dedicación al estudio sagrado (svādhyāya) es el dharma principal de un brāhmaṇa. Realizar el sacrificio es un deber eterno, y dar dones —según la propia capacidad y de la manera debida— es un deber digno de alabanza para él. Pero el autodominio (śama), apartarse de todos los objetos de los sentidos, es el dharma más alto; siempre se halla establecido en los buenos. Al practicarlo, los cabezas de familia de mente pura alcanzan una gran acumulación de mérito y rectitud.»

शमःtranquility; restraint
शमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut; indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
उपरमःcessation; withdrawal (from objects)
उपरमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपरम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma; duty; virtue
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रवृत्तःestablished; prevailing; present
प्रवृत्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रवृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सत्सुamong the good (people)
सत्सु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसत्
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
नित्यशःalways; continually
नित्यशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्यशस्
गृहस्थानाम्of householders
गृहस्थानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगृहस्थ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
विशुद्धानाम्of the purified (pure-minded)
विशुद्धानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootविशुद्ध
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
धर्मस्यof dharma; of merit
धर्मस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
निचयःaccumulation; heap; store
निचयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिचय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महान्great
महान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī Maheśvara (Śiva)
B
brāhmaṇa
G
gṛhastha

Educational Q&A

The verse ranks duties: for a brāhmaṇa, sacred study (svādhyāya), sacrifice (yajña), and charity (dāna) are praised, but above all stands śama—deep self-restraint and withdrawal from sense-objects—which yields the greatest store of dharma even for householders.

Śrī Maheśvara is instructing about dharma, specifying key obligations and then elevating inner discipline (śama) as the supreme principle that undergirds and perfects outward religious acts.