Shloka 25

Umā–Maheśvara-saṃvāda: Varṇa-bhraṃśa, Ācāra (Vṛtta), and Karmic Ascent/Decline

Devanagari script

मित्रद्रुह्नन धीयाने यश्व स्वाद्‌ वृषलीपति: । एतेषु दैवं पित्रयं वा न देयं स्थात्‌ कथंचन

Transliteration

mitradruhṇeṇa dhīyāne yaśva svād vṛṣalīpatiḥ | eteṣu daivaṁ pitryaṁ vā na deyaṁ syāt kathaṁcana ||

Translation

Dharma dijo: «Sea uno traidor a los amigos, sea de conducta corrompida, sea un “señor de una vṛṣalī” (quien vive de modos viles y socialmente condenados), a tales personas no debe ofrecerse jamás, bajo ninguna circunstancia, lo destinado a los dioses o a los antepasados».

Word by Word

• मित्रद्रुह्णे: in/with a betrayer of friends
• मित्रद्रुह्णे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्रद्रुह्
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• अधीये: I study / I learn
• अधीये: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अधि-इ
• Form: Present, First, Singular, Parasmaipada

• यश्व: fame
• यश्व: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: यशस्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• स्वात्: from one’s own (side)
• स्वात्: Apadana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: स्व
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• वृषलीपतिः: husband of a śūdra-woman / one married to a vṛṣalī
• वृषलीपतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषलीपति
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एतेषु: among these / in these cases
• एतेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural

• दैवम्: offering to the gods / divine (share)
• दैवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैव
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• पित्र्यम्: ancestral (share/rite) (for the Pitṛs)
• पित्र्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पित्र्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• वा: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• देयम्: to be given / should be given
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा
• Form: Gerundive (Anīyar/ya), Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• स्यात्: should be / would be
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: Optative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• कथंचन: in any way / at all
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथंचन

Speaker

धर्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Dharma
• gods (daiva)
• ancestors (pitṛs)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Offerings intended for the gods (daiva) and the ancestors (pitrya) must not be given to persons of treacherous or morally corrupt character; ritual giving is governed by ethical fitness of the recipient.

What is happening in the narrative?

Dharma is laying down a normative rule within a discourse on right conduct: he identifies certain disqualifying traits (betrayal of friends, corrupt behavior, ignoble associations) and states that such people are not to receive divine or ancestral offerings.