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Shloka 97

आचारप्रशंसा

Praise of Ācāra as the Basis of Longevity, Fame, and Prosperity

प्रजानाथ! बुद्धिमान्‌ पुरुष पहले अतिथिको अन्न और जल देकर पीछे स्वयं एकाग्रचित्त हो भोजन करे ।।

Prajānātha! buddhimān puruṣaḥ pūrvam atithaye annaṁ jalaṁ ca dattvā paścāt svayam ekāgracitto bhojanaṁ kuryāt. Samānam ekapaṅktyāṁ tu bhojyam annaṁ nareśvara; viṣaṁ hālāhalaṁ bhuṅkte yo ’pradāya suhṛjjane.

Bhīṣma dijo: «¡Oh señor del pueblo! El hombre sabio debe ofrecer primero comida y agua al huésped, y sólo después comer él mismo con la mente recogida. Y, oh rey, cuando se come sentado en una sola fila, la comida ha de servirse por igual a todos. Quien come solo sin dar a sus compañeros bienintencionados, en verdad está consumiendo el mortífero veneno Hālāhala.»

समानम्equal (same)
समानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एकपङ्क्त्याम्in one row/line (of diners)
एकपङ्क्त्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootएकपङ्क्ति
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
भोज्यम्to be eaten; fit for eating
भोज्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootभोज्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
नरेश्वरO lord of men (king)
नरेश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootनर-ईश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
विषम्poison
विषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
हालाहलम्Hālāhala (deadly poison)
हालाहलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहालाहल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भुङ्क्तेeats
भुङ्क्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अप्रदायwithout giving (having not given)
अप्रदाय:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-दा
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (base)
सुहृज्जनेamong/with friends and well-wishers
सुहृज्जने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसुहृज्जन
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
nareśvara (the king addressed)
A
atithi (guest)
S
suhṛj-jana (friends/companions)
H
Hālāhala (poison)

Educational Q&A

Hospitality and fairness in sharing are essential duties: feed the guest first, then eat with a focused mind; and when dining together, serve equally—eating alone without giving to companions is condemned as morally poisonous.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma addresses the king and lays down conduct for meals—prioritizing the guest, maintaining mental discipline while eating, and enforcing equal distribution among those seated together—using the vivid image of Hālāhala poison to censure selfish consumption.