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Shloka 16

ययाति–शक्रसंवादः

Speech-Ethics and Forbearance in the Celestial Court

शर्मिष्टोवाच न नर्मयुक्ते वचनं हिनस्ति न स्त्रीषु राजन्‌ न विवाहकाले | प्राणात्यये सर्वधनापहारे पज्चानृतान्याहुरपातकानि,शर्मिष्ठाने कहा--राजन्‌! परिहासयुक्त वचन असत्य हो तो भी वह हानिकारक नहीं होता। अपनी स्त्रियोंके प्रति, विवाहके समय, प्राणसंकटके समय तथा सर्वस्वका अपहरण होते समय यदि कभी विवश होकर असत्य भाषण करना पड़े तो वह दोषकारक नहीं होता। ये पाँच प्रकारके असत्य पापशून्य बताये गये हैं

śarmiṣṭhovāca na narmayukte vacanaṁ hinasti na strīṣu rājan na vivāhakāle | prāṇātyaye sarvadhanāpahāre pañcānṛtāny āhur apātakāni ||

Śarmiṣṭhā dijo: «Oh rey, una palabra dicha en broma no causa daño aunque no sea verdadera. Del mismo modo, la falsedad pronunciada respecto de las propias mujeres, en el momento del matrimonio, en una crisis que amenaza la vida, o cuando se arrebata toda la riqueza—si se dice por fuerza de la necesidad—no acarrea pecado. Dicen que estas cinco clases de mentira están libres de la mancha de la falta grave.»

शर्मिष्ठाŚarmiṣṭhā
शर्मिष्ठा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशर्मिष्ठा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नर्म-युक्तेin (a context) connected with jest
नर्म-युक्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootनर्म + युक्त
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वचनम्speech; statement
वचनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
हिनस्तिharms
हिनस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्त्रीषुamong women; with women
स्त्रीषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विवाह-कालेat the time of marriage
विवाह-काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविवाह + काल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्राण-अत्ययेin danger of life; at the loss of life
प्राण-अत्यये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण + अत्यय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सर्व-धन-अपहारेwhen all wealth is being taken away
सर्व-धन-अपहारे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व + धन + अपहार
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपञ्च
अनृतानिuntruths; falsehoods
अनृतानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
आहुःthey say; they have declared
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Plural
अपातकानिnon-sinful; not constituting a sin
अपातकानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअपातक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Ś
Śarmiṣṭhā
K
King (rājan)

Educational Q&A

The verse outlines a dharma-style exception principle: while truthfulness is generally valued, certain constrained contexts—joking speech, protecting one’s women, marriage arrangements, mortal danger, and total loss of wealth—are treated as situations where untruth may be considered non-sinful (apātaka) when compelled by circumstances.

Śarmiṣṭhā addresses a king and defends the permissibility of speaking untruth in specific situations, framing it as an accepted ethical rule (pañcānṛtāni) rather than a punishable moral fault.