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Shloka 11

देवा ऊचु: ऋणिनो मानवा ब्रह्मन्‌ जायन्ते येन तच्छूणु । क्रियाभिन्रह्मचर्येण प्रजया च न संशय:,देवताओंने कहा--ब्रह्मन! मनुष्य जिस ऋणसे ऋणी होकर जन्म लेते हैं, उसे सुनिये। यज्ञकर्म, ब्रह्मचर्यपालन और प्रजाकी उत्पत्ति--इन तीनोंके लिये सभी मनुष्योंपर ऋण रहता है, इसमें संशय नहीं है। यज्ञ, तपस्या और वेदाध्ययनके द्वारा वह सारा ऋण दूर किया जाता है। आप तपस्वी और यज्ञकर्ता तो हैं ही, आपके कोई संतान नहीं है

devā ūcuḥ—ṛṇino mānavā brahman jāyante yena tac chṛṇu | kriyābhir brahmacaryeṇa prajayā ca na saṃśayaḥ |

Los dioses dijeron: «Oh brahmán, escucha la causa por la cual los seres humanos nacen como deudores. No hay duda de que todos cargan obligaciones: por los deberes del sacrificio (yajña), por la disciplina del brahmacarya y por engendrar descendencia. Mediante el sacrificio, la austeridad y el estudio védico se saldan esas deudas. Tú eres, en verdad, un asceta y ejecutor de sacrificios, pero no tienes hijos.»

देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ऊचुःsaid
ऊचुः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
ऋणिनःdebt-bound, indebted
ऋणिनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootऋणिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मानवाःhumans
मानवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ब्रह्मन्O Brahmin
ब्रह्मन्:
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
जायन्तेare born
जायन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
येनby which (cause)
येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शृणुhear (listen)
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
क्रियाभिःby rites/acts
क्रियाभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्रिया
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural
ब्रह्मचर्येणby brahmacarya (celibate studentship)
ब्रह्मचर्येण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मचर्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
प्रजयाby progeny/offspring
प्रजया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

मन्दपाल उवाच

देवाः (the gods)
ब्रह्मन् (a brahmin sage, addressed)
मानवाः (human beings)

Educational Q&A

Humans are born with obligations (ṛṇa) that must be repaid through dharmic life: ritual duty (yajña/karma), disciplined Vedic conduct (brahmacarya and study), and continuation of lineage through offspring (prajā). A complete life is framed as responsibly discharging these debts.

Divine beings instruct a brahmin sage about the inborn human obligations and imply that, although he practices austerity and sacrifice, he remains deficient in the debt connected with progeny because he has no children.