Shloka 39

Snāna-Śauca Krama: Varuṇa–Āpaḥ Mantras, Aghamarṣaṇa, Sūrya-Upasthāna, and Sarva-Tarpaṇa

Devanagari script

जयां च विजयां चैव सावित्रीं शान्तिमेव च / स्वाहां स्वधां धृतिं चैव तथैवादितिमुत्तमाम्

Transliteration

jayāṃ ca vijayāṃ caiva sāvitrīṃ śāntimeva ca / svāhāṃ svadhāṃ dhṛtiṃ caiva tathaivāditimuttamām

Translation

Debe invocarse a Jaya y a Vijayā, a Sāvitrī y también a Śānti; asimismo a Svāhā, Svadhā, Dhṛti y, del mismo modo, a la suprema Aditi.

Word by Word

• जयाम्: Jaya (Victory)
• जयाम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• विजयाम्: Vijayā
• विजयाम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विजया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• सावित्रीम्: Sāvitrī
• सावित्रीम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सावित्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• शान्तिम्: peace (Śānti)
• शान्तिम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शान्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• स्वाहाम्: Svāhā
• स्वाहाम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वाहा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• स्वधाम्: Svadhā
• स्वधाम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वधा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• धृतिम्: steadfastness (Dhṛti)
• धृतिम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• तथा: thus, likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (Manner/प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• अदितिम्: Aditi
• अदितिम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अदिति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• उत्तमाम्: supreme, excellent
• उत्तमाम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तमा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying अदितिम्)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Within tarpaṇa sequence accompanying śrāddha/ancillary rites; svadhā indicates pitṛ-oriented offering context.

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Ritual life integrates inner virtues (Dhṛti, Śānti) with outer success (Jaya, Vijaya) through honoring cosmic principles (Svāhā, Svadhā, Aditi).

Vedantic Theme: One order (dharma/ṛta) appears as mantra-power (svāhā/svadhā) and as sustaining infinitude (Aditi).

Application: In rites and daily discipline, pair aspiration for success with cultivation of peace and perseverance; remember the sanctity of offerings (svāhā) and ancestral continuity (svadhā).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: ritual-space

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.214.38 (preceding devī-list); Garuda Purana 1.214.40-41 (tarpana recipients and universal satisfaction formula)

Characters & Entities

• Jaya
• Vijaya
• Savitrī
• Śānti
• Svāhā
• Svadhā
• Dhṛti
• Aditi
• Devas
• Pitṛs

FAQs

What is the importance of Svāhā and Svadhā in Garuda Purana?

This verse pairs Svāhā (offerings directed to Devas) and Svadhā (offerings directed to Pitṛs), indicating correct ritual address—crucial in śrāddha and related death-rites where ancestor satisfaction is sought.

How does this verse relate to death rituals and the soul’s journey?

By naming powers like Śānti (pacification) and Svadhā (ancestor-offering formula), the verse supports the ritual framework used to secure peace for the departed and proper continuity between the living and Pitṛs.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When performing śrāddha, tarpaṇa, or remembrance rites, maintain clarity of intention—honor Devas with “svāhā” and ancestors with “svadhā,” and cultivate dhṛti (steadfastness) and śānti (inner peace) in daily conduct.