Shloka 33

Nīti-saṅgraha: Conduct, Association, Kali-yuga Decline, and the Supremacy of Vidyā

यज्जीव्यते क्षणमपि प्रथितं मनुष्यैर्विज्ञानविक्रमयशोभिरभग्नमानैः / तन्नाम जीवितमिति प्रवदन्ति तज्ज्ञाः काको ऽपि जीवति चिरं च बलिं च भुङ्क्ते

yajjīvyate kṣaṇamapi prathitaṃ manuṣyairvijñānavikramayaśobhirabhagnamānaiḥ / tannāma jīvitamiti pravadanti tajjñāḥ kāko 'pi jīvati ciraṃ ca baliṃ ca bhuṅkte

La vida que, aunque sea por un instante, se vuelve célebre entre los hombres por sabiduría, valor y fama digna, con el honor intacto—sólo esa, dicen los sabios, merece llamarse “vida”. Pues también el cuervo vive largo tiempo y come las ofrendas (bali).

यत्that which
यत्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्ध (relative: ‘that which’)
जीव्यतेis lived
जीव्यते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootजीव् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive): ‘is lived’
क्षणम्for a moment
क्षणम्:
Karma (Extent/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कालावधि (accusative of duration)
अपिeven
अपि:
Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअपि-भावार्थक अव्यय (even)
प्रथितम्renowned
प्रथितम्:
Kriya (Predicative/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + थि (धातु) → प्रथित (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘renowned’ (qualifying यत्/जीवितम्)
मनुष्यैःby people
मनुष्यैः:
Karana (Agent/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; करण (by humans)
विज्ञानविक्रमयशोभिःby knowledge, valor, and fame
विज्ञानविक्रमयशोभिः:
Karana (Instrument/Means/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootविज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक) + विक्रम (प्रातिपदिक) + यशस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः; करण: ‘by (their) knowledge, valor, and fame’
अभग्नमानैःwith unbroken self-respect
अभग्नमानैः:
Karana (Agent qualifier/करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ (नञ्) + भग्न (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) + मान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; समासः: न भग्नं मानं येषां ते (unbroken pride/self-respect); विशेषणम् मनुष्यैः
तत्that
तत्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; संकेत (that)
नामnamely
नाम:
Sambandha (Apposition marker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण/व्याख्यानार्थक अव्यय (namely/indeed)
जीवितम्life
जीवितम्:
Karta (Predicate/कर्ता-समाना)
TypeNoun
Rootजीवित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विधेय (predicate nominative)
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (Quotation marker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formइत्यादि-उद्धरणार्थक अव्यय (quotative: ‘thus’)
प्रवदन्तिthey say
प्रवदन्ति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वद् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
तज्ज्ञाःthe knowers (the wise)
तज्ज्ञाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम) + ज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; समासः: तद् जानन्ति ये (those who know that)
काकःa crow
काकः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकाक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
अपिalso, even
अपि:
Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअपि-भावार्थक अव्यय (also/even)
जीवतिlives
जीवति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootजीव् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
चिरम्for a long time
चिरम्:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचिरम् (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक अव्यय (adverb of time: ‘for long’)
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (and)
बलिम्food morsel/offerings
बलिम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootबलि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कर्म (object)
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (and)
भुङ्क्तेeats, enjoys
भुङ्क्ते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभुज् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Concept: True ‘life’ is measured by vijñāna, vikrama, and yashaḥ with unbroken honor; mere long survival is not meaningful.

Vedantic Theme: Quality of consciousness and conduct over duration; karma-yoga excellence and sattvic reputation as supports for inner purification.

Application: Choose principled action and learning even at cost; invest in character and service rather than mere comfort and longevity.

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: praise of dharmic fame, charity, and purposeful human birth; critique of mere sense-life

FAQs

This verse defines ‘life’ not as mere longevity but as meaningful living marked by wisdom, courage, good fame, and unbroken dignity—qualities that make one remembered for dharmic conduct.

By contrasting mere survival with purposeful, honorable living, it implies that what benefits the jīva after death is dharmic merit and reputation rooted in virtue—not simply having lived many years.

Prioritize character, learning, and courageous right action; seek a life that leaves a dharmic legacy—because long life alone, like a crow’s, is not the measure of human fulfillment.