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Shloka 35

नरकलोकमार्गयमदूतस्वरूपवर्णनम् / Description of the Path to Naraka and the Nature of Yama’s Messengers

ग्रीवापाशेन कृष्यंते प्रयांत्यन्ये सुदुःखिताः । जिह्वांकुशप्रवेशेन रज्ज्वाकृष्यन्त एव ते

grīvāpāśena kṛṣyaṃte prayāṃtyanye suduḥkhitāḥ | jihvāṃkuśapraveśena rajjvākṛṣyanta eva te

Some, in extreme misery, are dragged along by a noose around the neck. Others too are pulled forward by a rope, as a goad is thrust into the tongue—thus are they driven on.

grīvā-pāśenaby a noose on the neck
grīvā-pāśena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootgrīvā (प्रातिपदिक) + pāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); ‘by a neck-noose’
kṛṣyanteare dragged
kṛṣyante:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛṣ (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Passive voice (कर्मणि), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)
prayāntigo forth/proceed
prayānti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra + yā (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)
anyeothers
anye:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
su-duḥkhitāḥvery miserable
su-duḥkhitāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu (अव्यय/उपसर्गवत्) + duḥkhita (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
jihvā-aṃkuśa-praveśenaby the hook’s entry into the tongue
jihvā-aṃkuśa-praveśena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootjihvā (प्रातिपदिक) + aṃkuśa (प्रातिपदिक) + praveśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); ‘by the insertion/entry of a hook into the tongue’
rajjvāby a rope
rajjvā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootrajjū (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
ākṛṣyanteare pulled/dragged
ākṛṣyante:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā + kṛṣ (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Passive voice (कर्मणि), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)
evaindeed/just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निपात)
tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); pronoun

Suta Goswami (narrating the Uma-samhita discourse to the sages at Naimisharanya)

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Mahākāla

S
Shiva

FAQs

It depicts the pashu (bound soul) being forcibly driven by pasha (bondage)—especially karmic compulsion and suffering—highlighting the need to seek Pati, Lord Shiva, as the liberator who alone cuts the bonds.

The verse underscores the helplessness of beings under bondage; worship of Saguna Shiva in the Linga-form is presented in the Shiva Purana as an accessible refuge where grace (anugraha) arises, loosening karmic bonds and turning the soul toward liberation.

A practical takeaway is to counter bondage through Shiva-upasana—daily japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namah Shivaya) with steady devotion, supported by Shaiva disciplines like bhasma (Tripundra) and rudraksha where appropriate.