Rig Veda 1.2.9: Mandala 1, Sukta 2, Mantra 9
Sukta 1.2
Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra (traditional attribution for RV 1.1–1.10; RV 1.2 likewise commonly ascribed within the Vaiśvāmitra circle)
Devata: Mitra-Varuṇa
Chandas: Gāyatrī (3 pādas of 8 syllables; typical for early Mandala 1 hymns)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
कवी नो मित्रावरुणा तुविजाता उरुक्षया । दक्षं दधाते अपसम् ॥
Transliteration
kavī nó mitrā́váruṇā tuvijā́tā urukṣáyā | dákṣaṃ dadhāte apásam ||
Translation
May Mitra and Varuṇa—those two seers, widely-born and of vast, sheltering habitation—place within us dakṣa, the discerning power of right formation, for the fulfilment of the work (apas), the effective action of the soul.
Word by Word
कवीthe two seers/wise ones
कवी:
सम्बोधन/कर्तृ (देवद्वयस्य विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeNoun
Rootकवि (प्रातिपदिक) < √कु/कव् (कवते/कूयते इति व्युत्पत्तिः, ‘कविः’ = ‘seer/wise poet’)
नःof us / our
नः:
सम्बन्ध (possessor/beneficiary)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
मित्रावरुणाMitra and Varuṇa
मित्रावरुणा:
कर्तृ (दधाते इत्यस्य) / सम्बोधन (स्तुत्यर्थे)
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र + वरुण (देवनाम-प्रातिपदिक; समासः: द्वन्द्व)
तुविजाताmuch-born / of abundant birth (very mighty by birth)
तुविजाता:
विशेषण (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतुवि (अव्यय/उपसर्गार्थ ‘बहु/प्रचुर’) + जात (√जन्, क्त-प्रत्यय; ‘born’) → समास/बहुव्रीहि-विशेषण
उरुक्षयाhaving a wide dwelling / wide-abiding
उरुक्षया:
विशेषण (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootउरु (विशाल) + क्षय (√क्षि/क्षय् ‘to dwell/abide; abode’) → समास/बहुव्रीहि-विशेषण
दक्षम्skill / power
दक्षम्:
कर्म (दधाते इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootदक्ष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘skill, power, ability’)
दधातेthey two bestow / place
दधाते:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√धा (दधाति) ‘to place, bestow, establish’
अपसम्work / sacred deed
अपसम्:
कर्म (दधाते इत्यस्य; ‘work/deed’ as what is set/ordained) / विशेष्य (दक्षम्-सम्बन्धेन)
TypeNoun
Rootअपस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘work, deed, sacred work’)
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